“…Similarly, issues of cultural equivalency was noted as a challenge in translating “TOFHLA-like” measures since some items on the TOFHLA are specific to healthcare in the US. As a result, new HL measures for specific cultural/linguistic groups within and outside the US emerged in the literature over the last few years [41,42,45,52,55,56,61,64,65,67,83,84,87,88,90,92,97,101,102,106,108,110]. Among these 37 non-English language measures, only two specified the racial/ethnic characteristics of their sample beyond simply describing the general population in which the measure was being validated [35,64].…”