Development and Validation of the Caregiver Empowerment Scale: A Resource for Working With Family Caregivers of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury

Degeneffe, Charles Edmund; Chan, Fong; Man, David; Dunlap, Laura; Sung, Connie

doi:10.1037/e700352011-001

Cited by 10 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Family caregivers who have good control over their minds and bodies take breaks by themselves (Li et al, ), seek support (Polgar, ), or ensure that they take time out for themselves (Degeneffe et al, ). They can control themselves by venting (Li et al, ) or expressing their feelings (Man, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a care receiver and caregiver have various relationships and differ from parents in that they tend to respect each other's independence more. On the other hand, Degeneffe, Chan, Dunlap, Man, and Sung () developed the Caregiver Empowerment Scale, which was a resource for working with family caregivers of patients with traumatic brain injuries. However, that scale focuses on the concept of self‐efficacy in family caregivers and does not contain every aspect of empowerment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Empowerment of family caregivers of adults and elderly persons: A concept analysis

Sakanashi

Fujita

2017

Int J of Nursing Practice

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Empowerment of family caregivers of adults and elderly persons: A concept analysis

Sakanashi

Fujita

2017

Int J of Nursing Practice

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“…Wu () reported that empowered family caregivers paid attention to both care receivers and themselves. Empowered family caregivers who have good control over their minds and bodies take breaks (Li et al, ), seek support (Polgar, ), or ensure that they take time out for themselves (Degeneffe et al, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the empowerment among family caregivers of PWD need not be as a social resources receiver, but having an active attitude such as social participation and community involvement. Factor 2 and Factor 4 have not been included in previous empowerment scales (Degeneffe et al, ; Wu, ). Factor 4, “Having Peers with Shared Support Activities” was similar to the result of concept analysis of empowerment among family caregivers, “constructive relationships with other people surrounding them” (Sakanashi & Fujita, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the empowerment scale for family caregivers of community‐dwelling people with dementia in Japan

Sakanashi

Fujita

2019

Japan Journal Nursing Sci

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Aim This study aimed to develop the empowerment scale for family caregivers of community‐dwelling people with dementia (PWD) in Japan (EFCD) and to validate the scale. Methods The questionnaires were mailed to 820 family caregivers of PWD. The first version of the EFCD based on interviews with family caregivers and elderly care specialists and content validity results was tested. Participants also completed the Revised Scale for Caregiving Self‐Efficacy and the General Health Questionnaire. For the EFCD development procedure, construct validity was evaluated by item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Criterion validity was tested using Spearman's correlations between scores of the three scales. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland and Altman analysis. The final model was verified by confirmatory factor analysis. Results Data from 304 family caregivers were analyzed. Exploratory factor analysis identified a 16‐item, four‐factor structure for the final version of the EFCD, as follows: (a) Excellent Practice in Dementia Care; (b) Understanding the Essence of Dementia Care; (c) Caring for Oneself as well as for the Person with Dementia; and (d) Having Peers with Shared Support Activities. Reliability and validity of the scale was established using the methods described. Conclusions The developed EFCD is a reliable and valid measure that provides a simple assessment of empowerment among family caregivers of PWD.

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“…Given the preponderance of literature that has established the negative impact of neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury and haemorrhage on family caregivers, nurses need to address family caregiver concerns and provide reassurance, emotional support and suitable information to help mitigate against this impact. Indeed, family caregivers have been found to have significant information needs (Coco, Tossavainen, Jaaskelainen, & Turunen, ; Hafsteinsdóttir, Vergunst, Lindeman, & Schuurmans, ; Manskow et al, ), and failure to meet this need places them at increased risk of anxiety, distress and depression (Brooks, ; Degeneffe, Chan, Dunlap, Man, & Sung, ). Providing information as to the frequency and rationale for the application of appropriate painful stimuli may help to relieve some of their anxieties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurses' understanding and experience of applying painful stimuli when assessing components of the Glasgow Coma Scale

Cook

Braine

Trout

2019

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Aims and objectives To evaluate nurses' application, understanding and experience of applying painful stimuli when assessing components of the Glasgow Coma Scale. Background The Glasgow Coma Scale has been subjected to much scrutiny and debate since its publication in 1974. However, criticism, confusion and misunderstandings in relation to the use of painful stimuli and its application remain. An absence of evidence‐informed guidance on the use and duration of application of painful stimuli remains, with the potential to negatively impact on decision‐making, delay responsiveness to neurological deterioration and result in adverse incidents. Design and Methods This international study used an online self‐reported survey design to ascertain neuroscience nurses' perceptions and experiences around the application of painful stimuli as part of a GCS assessment (n = 273). The STROBE checklist was used. Results Data revealed varied practices and a sense of confusion from participants. Anatomical sites for the assessment of pain varied, but most respondents identified the trapezius grip/pinch in assessing eye‐opening and motor responses. Most respondents identified they assess eye‐opening and motor responses together and apply pain for <6 s to elicit a response. Witnessed complications secondary to applying a painful stimulus were varied and of concern. Conclusion Neuroscience nurses in this study clearly required evidence‐informed guidelines to underpin practice both in applying painful stimuli and in managing the experience of the person in their care and the family response. A standardised approach to education is necessary to ensure greater interrater reliability of assessment not only within nursing but across professions. Relevance to practice Results of this study illustrate inconsistency and confusion when using the Glasgow Coma Scale in practice; this has the potential to compromise care. Clarity around the issues highlighted is necessary. Moreover, these results can inform future guidelines and education required for supporting nurses in practice.

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Development and Validation of the Caregiver Empowerment Scale: A Resource for Working With Family Caregivers of Persons With Traumatic Brain Injury

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Empowerment of family caregivers of adults and elderly persons: A concept analysis

Empowerment of family caregivers of adults and elderly persons: A concept analysis

Development of the empowerment scale for family caregivers of community‐dwelling people with dementia in Japan

Nurses' understanding and experience of applying painful stimuli when assessing components of the Glasgow Coma Scale

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