Development and validation of the patient evaluation scale (PES) for primary health care in Nigeria

Ogaji, Daprim Samuel; Giles, Stephen; Daker‐White, Gavin; Bower, Peter

doi:10.1017/s1463423616000244

Cited by 13 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Thirteen studies24–36 addressed eight nationally validated PC performance instruments—namely the South African and Malawian versions of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (ZA PCAT and PCAT-Mw respectively)26 34; the electronic Tool to Improve Quality of Healthcare (e-TIQH) in Tanzania25; the Nigerian Patient Evaluation Scale (PES)31; the South African Ideal Clinic Realisation and Maintenance (ICRM) instrument29; SafeCare Essentials tool33; the European Task Force for Patient Evaluation of General Practice (EUROPEP)37; and the Client Satisfaction Survey Questionnaire 35. (Information on instruments is summarised in Appendix D uploaded as a supplementary file.)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary health care performance: a scoping review of the current state of measurement in Africa

et al. 2019

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IntroductionCountries with strong primary healthcare (PHC) report better health outcomes, fewer hospital admissions and lower expenditure. People-centred care that delivers essential elements of primary care (PC) leads to improved health outcomes and reduced costs and disparities. Such outcomes underscore the need for validated instruments that measure the extent to which essential, evidence-based features of PC are available and applied to users; and to ensure quality care and provider accountability.MethodsA systematic scoping review method was used to identify peer-reviewed African studies and grey literature on PC performance measurement. The service delivery dimension in the Primary Healthcare Performance Initiative conceptual framework was used to identify key measurable components of PC.ResultsThe review identified 19 African studies and reports that address measuring elements of PC performance. 13 studies included eight nationally validated performance measuring instruments. Of the eight, the South African and Malawian versions of Primary Care Assessment Tool measured service delivery comprehensively and involved PC user, provider and manager stakeholders.Conclusion40 years after Alma Ata and despite strong evidence for people-centred care, significant gaps remain regarding use of validated instruments to measure PC performance in Africa; few validated instruments have been used. Agreement on indicators, fit-for-purpose validated instruments and harmonising existing instruments is needed. Rigorous performance-based research is necessary to inform policy, resource allocation, practice and health worker training; and to ensure access to high quality care in a universal health coverage (UHC) system—research with potential to promote socially responsive, accountable PHC in the true spirit of the Alma Ata and Astana Declarations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary health care performance: a scoping review of the current state of measurement in Africa

et al. 2019

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“…Two recent meta-analyses of case-control studies demonstrated that circulating adiponectin levels could be signi cantly higher in the RA patients than those in the health controls [30,31]. However, it was also reported separately that adiponectin levels were not related to RA activity [30,32]. Meanwhile, the ndings from meta-analyses consistently indicated that patients with RA may have higher circulating leptin levels compared with the control group [33][34][35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study

Zhu

Zheng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Circulating adipokines levels have been reported to be associated with the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is still unclear whether these associations are causal or biased by reverse causation or residual confounding. This study aimed to assess potential causal roles of five adipokines (namely, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, chemerin, and retinol-blinding protein 4 [RBP4]) in the occurrence of RA.Methods: We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate these associations. We used summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for adipokines in individuals of European ancestry as the exposure, and a separate large-scale meta-analysis of a GWAS which included 14,361 RA cases and 43,923 controls of European ancestry as the outcome. Genetic variants were selected as instrumental variables if robustly genome-wide significant in their associations with adipokines. The causal effects were estimated using the inverse-variance weighted method in the primary analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed to warrant that bias due to genetic pleiotropy was unlikely.Results: The circulating resistin was found to be the only adipokinetic factor having statistical significance, with higher levels causally associated with the risk of RA (odds ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: [1.07, 1.53] per unit increase in the natural log-transformed resistin). In contrast, associations of adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, and RBP4 with risk of RA were not statistically significant. The MR assumptions did not seem to be violated. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent findings.Conclusions: Genetically predicted circulating resistin levels were positively associated with RA risk. Our analysis suggested that resistin may play a notable causal role in RA pathogenesis. It would be beneficial for the development of clinical as well as public health strategies that target appropriate levels of resistin for future RA intervention.

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“…This study highlights the importance of the orientation of PHC team members to the type of service that the PHC team is providing. This second theme, which recognises that the organisation of primary care is critical to issues of acceptability and access, is also addressed in the papers by Ogaji et al (2017), Wang and Liang (2017), Chang et al (2017) and Ward (2017).…”

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confidence: 98%

“…In a study undertaken by an international team drawn from the Universities of Port Harcourt and Manchester, Ogaji et al (2017) describe the lack of applicable tools to measure patient evaluations of primary care in sub-Saharan Africa. Drawing on a systematic review and patient interviews they describe in detail the development and validation of a patient evaluation tool and a short form of the tool.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Primary care and the public’s health: evidence from service development initiatives

Bryar

2017

Prim Health Care Res Dev

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Development and validation of the patient evaluation scale (PES) for primary health care in Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 43 publications

Primary health care performance: a scoping review of the current state of measurement in Africa

Primary health care performance: a scoping review of the current state of measurement in Africa

Adipokines and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a Mendelian randomization study

Primary care and the public’s health: evidence from service development initiatives

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