Development and validation of the UPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of six new psychoactive substances

Tan, Zhouhong; Wen, Yunbo; Yang, Kai; Zhao, Xia; Yang, Xiaoli; He, Jieli

doi:10.1039/d2ra04869h

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Therefore, sample preparation procedures are required prior to quantitative detection. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), − solid-phase extraction (SPE), − and protein precipitation (PP) − are typical sample preparation methods that have been widely used in the pretreatment of biological samples. However, the traditional SPE, LLE, and PP methods need to add organic reagents for protein precipitation, which leads to time waste due to tedious steps, and the extensive use of organic reagents pollutes the environment …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework MIL-101 for the Removal of Proteins and Antipsychotic Drugs from Serum Samples

Zhang

Han²,

Lou³

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The development of functional materials for efficient protein removal and antipsychotic drug extraction in biological samples is attracting great interest. In this study, a nanoscale ethylenediamine-functionalized chromium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) (MIL-101-ED) was designed, synthesized, and applied for the one-step removal of proteins and the extraction of antipsychotic drugs in serum samples. The introduction of ethylenediamine in the MIL-101 nanoparticle (NP), in which amino and carbon chains can enhance the hydrogen-bond interaction and π–π interaction between functionalized MOFs and antipsychotic drugs, i.e., risperidone, etc. The antipsychotic drugs were ionized and amino groups were protonated at pH = 3, due to electrostatic interaction, and the negatively charged drugs were adsorbed on the surface or even entered the pores of MOFs. The adsorption efficiencies of the six kinds of drugs ranged from 80.1 to 101.4%. Owing to the exclusion action, proteins were excluded from MIL-101-ED and the exclusion rate ranged from 91.9 to 94.0%. Furthermore, MIL-101-ED can be easily regenerated and reused four times without a significant reduction in the protein exclusion rate and adsorption capacity. Coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) strategy, the application of MIL-101-ED for extracting the antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites in serum samples was developed. The recoveries of antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites in serum ranged from 83.2 to 110.8%, and the related detection limits were all <5.55 ng mL–1. Compared to the traditional extraction methods, the pretreatment steps of MIL-101-ED have the advantages of easy operation and reducing the environmental pollution. Here, we propose that MIL-101-ED, as a kind of restricted access media nanophase material, can be applied to extract antipsychotic drugs in serum samples.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoporous Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework MIL-101 for the Removal of Proteins and Antipsychotic Drugs from Serum Samples

Zhang

Han²,

Lou³

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…31,32 To address these problems, continuous efforts have been paid toward developing various strategies to detect synthetic benzodiazepines, including infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (C-MS). 33,34 However, a series of disadvantages such as high cost and professional operation limit their application. Therefore, it is essential to design a highly sensitive and specific method for diclazepam detection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, diclazepam has become a major concern in the illicit drug market as it has rapidly spread globally in recent years. Effects such as rapid lethargy, hallucinations, and short-term memory loss have been used by criminals to carry out crimes when they are put into drinks, capsules, or tablets. , To address these problems, continuous efforts have been paid toward developing various strategies to detect synthetic benzodiazepines, including infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (C-MS). , However, a series of disadvantages such as high cost and professional operation limit their application. Therefore, it is essential to design a highly sensitive and specific method for diclazepam detection.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Dual-Color Luminophores for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Diclazepam Based on MOF/COF Bi-Mesoporous Composites

Jiang

Cao

et al. 2023

ACS Sens.

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Currently, studies on electrochemiluminescence (ECL) mainly focused on the single emission of luminophores while those on multi-color ECL were rarely reported. Here, a bimesoporous composite of the metal−organic framework (MOF)/ covalent-organic framework (COF) with strong and stable dual-color ECL was prepared to construct a novel ECL sensor for sensitive detecting targets. A PTCA-COF with excellent ECL performance was loaded with a great amount of another ECL emitter Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 . Remarkably, the integrated composite had both ECL properties of PTCA-COF at 520 nm and Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 at 600 nm wavelengths. Furthermore, Cu 3 (HHTP) 2 with good electron transfer ability can greatly enhance the electrical conductivity and promote electrochemical activation. Thus, the simultaneous enhanced two-color ECL intensity and the catalytic properties of the conductive MOF exerted a dual enhancement effect on the ECL signal of the composite. Significantly, diclazepam can not only be adsorbed well on the multistage porous structure MOF/COF composite by π−π interactions but also selectively quench the ECL signal of the PTCA-COF, realizing the sensitive detection. The ECL sensor showed a wide detection range from 1.0 × 10 −13 to 1.0 × 10 −8 g/L, and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 2.6 × 10 −14 g/L (S/N = 3). The proposed ECL sensor preparation method was simple and sensitive, providing a new perspective for the potential application of multi-color ECL in the sensing field.

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Urine as a matrix for new psychoactive substances (NPS) detection: Analytical challenges, methods, and considerations

Marín,

Fernández

2024

Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry

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Development and validation of the UPLC-MS method for simultaneous determination of six new psychoactive substances

Abstract: The combined abuse of benzodiazepines and antipsychotics has become a global problem, and to develop a highly sensitive and selective method for monitoring of benzodiazepine hypnotics and antipsychotics is urgently necessary.

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Nanoporous Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework MIL-101 for the Removal of Proteins and Antipsychotic Drugs from Serum Samples

Nanoporous Ethylenediamine-Functionalized Metal–Organic Framework MIL-101 for the Removal of Proteins and Antipsychotic Drugs from Serum Samples

Highly Efficient Dual-Color Luminophores for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Diclazepam Based on MOF/COF Bi-Mesoporous Composites

Urine as a matrix for new psychoactive substances (NPS) detection: Analytical challenges, methods, and considerations

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