Development and Validation of the Empowerment Scale for Woman with Breast Cancer

Abstract

연구의 필요성유방암은 유방암여성 임파워먼트 측정도구 개발 및 타당화Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to evaluate empowerment in woman with breast cancer and to examine the validity and reliability of the scale. Methods: The development process for the initial items included a literature review, interviews, and construction of a conceptual framework. The identified items were evaluated for content validity by experts, resulting in 3 factors and 48 preliminary items. Participants were 319 women with breast cancer recruited to test reliability and validity of the preliminary scale. Data were analyzed using item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, criterion related validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The final scale consisted of 30 items and 3 factors. Factors, including 'intrapersonal factor' (14 items), 'interactional factor' (8 items), and 'behavioral factor' (8 items), were drawn up after confirmatory factor analysis. Goodness of fit of the final research model was very appropriate as shown by χ 2 /df=1.86, TLI=.90, CFI=.92, SRMR=.06, and RMSEA=.05. Criterion validity was evaluated by total correlation with the Cancer Empowerment Questionnaire .78. Cronbach's alpha for total items was .93 and test-retest reliability was .69. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that the scale can be used in the development of nursing interventions to promote the empowerment of women having breast cancer. If the original work is properly cited and retained without any modification or reproduction, it can be used and re-distributed in any format and medium.

Development and evaluation of the Coronary Artery Disease Empowerment Scale (CADES) in Korea

“…The total number of researchers participating in the preliminary survey of empowerment was set to 10 based on a prior study (Park et al, 2017;Shin & Park, 2015) on instrument development, which reported that 5 to 10 researchers was the appropriate number for such a study. Data were collected during July 8 to 25, 2019.…”

“…In healthcare, "empowerment" is a popular and widely used term that has garnered increased attention since the World Health Organization (1998) defined health empowerment as a process by which people can gain greater control over the decisions affecting their lives and health. Subsequently, conceptual analysis and instrument development have been performed by studies for various types of patient empowerment (Alves et al, 2018;Anderson et al, 2000Anderson et al, , 2003Ching et al, 2020;Khanian et al, 2020;Park & Park, 2013;Shin & Park, 2015). Specific and effective interventions are being actively developed based on the clear concept of empowerment appropriate for patients.…”

“…However, there were limitations to the development of the instrument because it did not include intrapersonal and behavioral aspects. Empowerment is a comprehensive concept that involves intrapersonal, interactional, and behavioral aspects (Shin & Park, 2015;Zimmerman, 1995). Therefore, it is necessary to develop for CAD patients an instrument that reflects the concept of empowerment and enhances self-care by regulating intrapersonal aspects and practice of continuous self-care to control the behavioral aspects of the disease.…”

Patient empowerment: a systematic review of questionnaires measuring empowerment in cancer patients

“…ÃÃ Two questionnaires were not included even though they in all probability were relevant, because the precise framing of the items were not accessible in English [35,36]. ÃÃÃ One questionnaire was not included even though it explicitly measured empowerment in cancer patients, because only the items were accessible in English [37]. 'very much') The authors do not define their use of the term empowerment component, and the heiQ entails about 10 items with few items covering each of the four components.…”

Design of a randomized controlled trial of a partnership-based, needs-tailored self-management support intervention for post-treatment breast cancer survivors

“…Scored on a 5-point Likert scale, a high score indicates higher empowerment. The scale has shown good validity and reliability [29].…”