“…Though relatively few in number, research has demonstrated that African American students experiencing school racial climates characterized by frequent intergroup contact, fair treatment, and respect for all races show more positive achievement (Green et al, 1988) and motivation (Brand, Felner, Shim, Seitsinger, & Dumas, 2003;Ryan & Patrick, 2001). The broad literature focused on teacher-student relationships among adolescent youth indicate that perceptions of strong teacher support and high expectations relate to higher self-efficacy, motivation efforts, and school performance among African American youth (e.g., Honora, 2003;Marcus et al, 1991).…”