Mini-AbstractThe WHO checklist was associated with reduced case-mix adjusted complications following surgery that was most significant when all three components of the checklist were completed.Full, as opposed to partial, checklist completion provides a health policy opportunity to improve checklist impact on surgical safety and quality of care.
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Structured Abstract ObjectiveTo evaluate impact of WHO checklist compliance on risk-adjusted clinical outcomes, including the influence of checklist components (Sign-in, Time-out, Sign-out) on outcomes.
Summary Background DataThere remain unanswered questions surrounding surgical checklists as a quality and safety tool, such as the impact in cases of differing complexity and the extent of checklist implementation.
MethodsData were collected from surgical admissions (6,714 patients) March 2010-June 2011 at five academic and community hospitals. The primary endpoint was any complication, including mortality, occurring prior to hospital discharge. Checklist usage was recorded as checklist completed in full/partly. Multilevel modeling was performed to investigate the association between complications/mortality and checklist completion.
ResultsSignificant variability in checklist usage was found: while at least one of the three components was completed in 96.7% of cases the entire checklist was only completed in 62.1% of cases. Checklist completion did not affect mortality reduction, but significantly lowered risk of post-operative complication (16.9% vs. 11.2%) and was largely noticed when all three components of the checklist had been completed (OR 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.37-0.87,p<0.01). Calculated population attributable fractions (PAF) showed that 14% (95% 4 confidence interval 7%-21%) of the complications could be prevented if full completion of the checklist was implemented.
ConclusionsChecklist implementation was associated with reduced case-mix adjusted complications following surgery and was most significant when all three components of the checklist were completed. Full, as opposed to partial, checklist completion provides a health policy opportunity to improve checklist impact on surgical safety and quality of care.