Development and Validation of the Knowledge and Attitude Scale Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Breaking Transmission Chain (KA-C) Among Iranian Population

Abounoori, Mahdi; Maddah, Mohammad Moein; Nia, Hamid Sharif; Rahmatpour, Pardis; Khosravifar, Shaghayegh; SamadiKouchaksaraei, Mohammad; Khosravifar, Shahrzad

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.627013

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…14 The spread of deadly gaps in prevention and breaking the transmission chain events actions to limit the outbreak's spread. 15 There are no preconceptions about the magnitude of the economic damage that a virus outbreak can cause, whether direct or indirect on a global scale or at the local, national, and regional levels, whether it is directly related to the costs of dealing with the consequences or economic losses due to the cessation of economic activities. 16 International and national efforts to mobilize societies were insufficiently coordinated and influential, resulting in significant gaps like response in each country, from which the virus infiltrated and invaded on a larger scale, implying that real health behavioral risks and the symbiotic social system were not adequately addressed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

JDMDC

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Backgrounds:The response Covid19 pandemic by different EMR national and regional health systems reflected tangible fragility and clear weakness pandemic in management at the policy and practice level in the face of rapid epidemic spread and steadily accelerating mortality and morbidity. Many lessons can be learned from the exuberance of the existing pandemic, as pandemic control measures were not guided by strong local evidence and were not tailored to national contexts. In this review, we sought to assess the gaps and challenges of COVID-19 control measures in Eastern Mediterranean Region during the early months of the pandemic.Objectives: To study policy and practices evidenced gaps in response to Covid19 pandemic in the east Mediterranean region. MethodologyThe design of scoping review was applied in the existing work; by applying Search engines strategy with highly selected keywords in the following medical data base, Google Scholar, PubMed, LitCovid, MedRx, ChemRxiv, BioRx, and, Web of Sciences, Embase. Original peer-reviewed research articles preprinted on COVID-for the period (January 2020-December 2021) were included in this review. About 200 articles were identified, and exclusion/ inclusion criteria were applied based on originality, study designs. Relevant Technical reports & official governmental releases were considered as well. Findings:The 22 countries of the eastern Mediterranean region will likely report over 17 million cases of COVID-19 and more than 314,000 deaths by the end of 2021; the current study revealed that the global health system showed remarkable fragility and obvious weakness in confronting the rapid out breaking and spreading of the epidemic and the continuous increase in the number of sicknesses and deaths resulting from it. There are many lessons to be communicated regarding the current pandemic: Pandemic management strategies -experienced strict containment measures during an early stage of the pandemic outbreaking -have proven some results in controlling human losses and the diseases spreading in the region. The sanitary situation appears much more fragile elsewhere in the region. The crisis is an opportunity to be a critical test for the region's fragile resilience and could erode dramatically its population wellbeing, and challenge the political stability, economies, and societies alike. Countries may want to capitalize on their innovative policy efforts to improve inclusiveness, sustain welfare provisions, and promote a structural reform agenda for more open and private sector-led economies, aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals. This update includes the latest analysis on the economic and social consequences of the crisis, including new sections on the fiscal and educational challenges, as well as insights on the resilience of the healthcare system. At a policy level, although the previous policy capacity in the region witnessed good experience public health in policy development, yet it takes a relatively long time until the national systems recovered to be able t...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2022

JDMDC

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“…This finding demonstrates that PLS contains sufficient items to satisfactorily measure essential factors associated with PL. 43 Thus, this scale has good validity and reliability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Bartlett’s sphericity test was performed to ascertain whether the data were suitable for exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) index was used to test whether the sample is adequate for factor analysis ( p < 0.05, KMO > 0.50). 43 EFA was conducted to determine the underlying structure of variables. Principal component analysis and Promax rotation were used for factor extraction and rotation matrix, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Initial Validity of the Patients’ Literacy Scale Among Outpatients in Hangzhou City, China

Jiang¹,

Shen²,

Xiao³

et al. 2022

PPA

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Purpose There are few studies on the intervention of the doctor–patient relationship (DPR) from patients’ perspective, because of lacking appropriate measurement instruments for the effect of the patient interveqntion. Understanding the status of patients’ literacy (the ability to initiatively obtain, read, and analyze health-related materials, make appropriate decisions, reduce risks of health-related problems) and developing the patients’ literacy scale (PLS) align with the interests of patients, doctors, and researchers. Patients and Methods This study was conducted in two stages: item building and item refinement. A total of 303 subjects were recruited from the outpatient hall in three hospitals with different levels in Hangzhou city, China. Twenty patients and seven experts determined the face and content validity, respectively. The construct validity, convergent, discriminant validity, and known-group validity of the scale were examined by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA). Internal consistency, including Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s ω, split-half reliability, and composite reliability (CR), was also tested. Results The EFA of PLS showed that Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was 0.787, and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity showed a significance of p < 0.001. The extracted four-factor (patient activation, knowledge, attitudes, practice) model explained 61.266% of the total variance. For the overall PLS, the Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s ω and split-half reliability coefficient were 0.815, 0.838 and 0.720, respectively. The CFA showed the goodness of fit (RMSEA = 0.065, CMIN/DF = 1.635, GFI = 0.900, CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.909). The CR of each factor in this scale was 0.740, 0.732, 0.630, and 0.749, respectively. Conclusion This study showed that the PLS was valid and reliable to measure the patients’ literacy (PL). The 15-item PLS can help not only measure PL but also be used as a standard and advocacy target for patients’ behavioral model which can further improve the DPR.

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“…[38][39][40] Some studies used questionnaires without psychometrics or questionnaires that have not been cultured for their target population. 41 The developed questionnaires in Iran only examine knowledge and attitude 42 or lack proper trans-cultural dimensions. 43 This is the first study to accurately develop and investigate the psychometric properties of the KAP-COVID-19 instrument in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Scale for Measuring Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice About COVID-19

Torkian

Ahmadi

Khosravi

et al. 2022

Int J Epidemiol Res

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Background and aims: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are important factors for adherence to protection strategies. The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire about the KAP of Iranians regarding COVID-19. Methods: Initially, a questionnaire about the KAP with regard to COVID-19 was constructed in this cross-sectional study. The initial questionnaire was prepared based on a review of the extensive research literature and global and national guidelines. This researcher-made questionnaire was developed using the COVID-19-KAP questionnaire, which was originally used in China in 2020, and the influenza epidemic KAP Questionnaire (2015), the MERS KAP Questionnaire (2015), the H1N1 flu KAP questionnaire (2017), and the WHO KAP questionnaire about COVID-19. The applied questionnaire consists of three parts including knowledge- (n=26), attitude- (n=8), and practice-related (n=11) questions, respectively. Then, the face, content, and construct validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was determined, and analyzes were performed using SPSS v. 26 and AMOS v. 24 software. Results: In the face validity stage, 2 questions with an impact score of less than 1.5 were excluded from the questionnaire. In the content validity check, all questions had a content validity index (I-CVI) of more than 0.7. However, the content validity ratio (CVR) for 6 questions was less than 0.51, and these questions were removed accordingly. The compliance of the CVI with the chance agreement was close to one for all questions, indicating the lack of a chance agreement. In the exploratory factor analysis stage, the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.90 was obtained, implying the adequacy of the sample size for factor analysis. The significance of the Bartlett test (chi-square: 5820.06, df: 630, P<0.001) indicated a strong correlation between the questions and the appropriateness of factor analysis. Finally, 34 items in 4 domains remained in the questionnaire. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed based on the findings. This Farsi KAP questionnaire can be used to assess the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of people about COVID-19.

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Development and Validation of the Knowledge and Attitude Scale Toward COVID-19 Pandemic Breaking Transmission Chain (KA-C) Among Iranian Population

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

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Development and Initial Validity of the Patients’ Literacy Scale Among Outpatients in Hangzhou City, China

Development and Psychometric Assessment of a Scale for Measuring Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice About COVID-19

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