Development and validation of the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale.

Welsch, Samuel K.; Smith, Stevens S.; Wetter, David W.; Jorenby, Douglas E.; Fiore, Michael C.; Baker, Timothy B.

doi:10.1037/1064-1297.7.4.354

Cited by 277 publications

(305 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The following measures were administered at baseline immediately prior to the smoking lapse task: the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale measured nicotine withdrawal symptoms (WSWS; Welsch et al, 1999), and the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges-Brief (QSU-Brief) measured urge to smoke and craving (Cox et al, 2001;Toll et al, 2004;Toll et al, 2006). The two factors of the QSUBrief, which capture craving for the positive effects of smoking and craving to relieve the discomfort of nicotine withdrawal (Cox et al, 2001), were analyzed.…”

Section: Proximal Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of smoking lapse in a human laboratory paradigm

et al. 2014

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Rationale During a smoking quit attempt, a single smoking lapse is highly predictive of future relapse. While several risk factors for a smoking lapse have been identified during clinical trials, a laboratory model of lapse was until recently unavailable and, therefore, it is unclear whether these characteristics also convey risk for lapse in a laboratory environment. Objectives The primary study goal was to examine whether real-world risk factors of lapse are also predictive of smoking behavior in a laboratory model of smoking lapse. Methods After overnight abstinence, 77 smokers completed the McKee smoking lapse task, in which they were presented with the choice of smoking or delaying in exchange for monetary reinforcement. Primary outcome measures were the latency to initiate smoking behavior and the number of cigarettes smoked during the lapse. Several baseline measures of smoking behavior, mood, and individual traits were examined as predictive factors. Results Craving to relieve the discomfort of withdrawal, withdrawal severity, and tension level were negatively predictive of latency to smoke. In contrast, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, withdrawal severity, level of nicotine dependence, craving for the positive effects of smoking, and craving to relieve the discomfort of withdrawal were positively predictive of number of cigarettes smoked. Conclusions The results suggest that real-world risk factors for smoking lapse are also predictive of smoking behavior in a laboratory model of lapse. Future studies using the McKee lapse task should account for between subject differences in the unique factors that independently predict each outcome measure.

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Section: Proximal Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of smoking lapse in a human laboratory paradigm

et al. 2014

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“…Similarly, the PANAS questionnaire used in our previous study asks about mood during the 'past week,' whereas the WSWS instructions ask about symptoms during the 'last 24 h.' Although there is some similar content between the scales, the PANAS scales were designed to measure two partially orthogonal affective dimensions, 31 whereas the seven WSWS scales were designed to capture nicotine withdrawal symptoms and roughly correspond to six of the eight symptoms listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV. 32 The lack of any significant gene by treatment group interaction, particularly for abstinence rate, is not surprising for several reasons. First, we found no gene (TaqI-A) by treatment group interaction in our previous study.…”

Section: Jd Robinson Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WSWS mood and craving scales demonstrate increases as a function of nicotine abstinence. 32 The WSWS was administered for 56 consecutive days along with the smoking diary. Participants were given a packet of these questionnaires at each of the weekly sessions during this period and instructed to fill them out before going to bed each evening, rating their symptoms over the past 24 h.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DRD2 TaqI-B polymorphism and its relationship to smoking abstinence and withdrawal symptoms

et al. 2006

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The dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene has polymorphisms that have been linked to regulation of the dopamine system and to an increased prevalence of smoking. The present study examined the relationship of the DRD2 TaqI-A and -B polymorphisms with short-term clinical outcome (abstinence and withdrawal symptoms), collected from daily (14 pre-quit and 42 post-quit) diary data among smokers (n ¼ 116) treated with the nicotine patch plus either venlafaxine or placebo. The results showed that B1/B1 or B1/B2 smokers were slightly less likely to be abstinent on a given day than those homozygous for the TaqI-B2 allele. Significant DRD2 TaqI-B Â time interactions were found for several of the withdrawal scales, indicating that those smokers with the B1/B1 or B1/B2 genotypes tended to report more symptoms over time compared to those with the B2/B2 genotype. No interactions or main effects were found for the DRD2 TaqI-A polymorphism. The findings demonstrate that smokers homozygous for the TaqI-B2 allele experience progressive improvement in self-reported withdrawal symptoms while smokers with the TaqI-B1 allele showing little change.

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“…Craving was assessed with a single item from the Wisconsin Smoking Withdrawal Scale asking how bothered the participant was by a desire to smoke a cigarette, rated on a 10-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree (Welsch et al, 1999). Negative affect was assessed by the average of two items from the Positive and Negative Affect Scale asking about how upset or distressed the participant felt on a 5-point scale from slightly or not at all to very much (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988).…”

Section: Ecological Momentary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%