Development and verification for analysis of pesticides in eggs and egg products using QuEChERS and LC–MS/MS

Sample Preparation Methods for Pesticide Analysis in Food Commodities, Biological and Environment Matrices

“…PSA has been reported to remove butanoic acid, decanoic acid, heptanoic acid, hexanoic acid, linoleic acid, and phytosterol (stigmasterol), while not effectively removing alkaloids (caffeine and theobromine) and γ-tocopherol [30]. The use of GCB with PSA, C18, and anhydrous MgSO 4 was found to improve recoveries for OPs and carbamates in egg matrix as compared to when GCB was not used [31]. …”

“…Target analytes with the lowest recoveries included folpet (63-69%) and tolylfluanid (63-71%) analyzed by GC and pymetrozine (31-82%) and tolylfluanid (60-76%) analyzed by LC methods [32]. Ethyl acetate instead of acetonitrile (extraction solvent) has also been used particularly for GC-amenable pesticides [15,17,31,33], but the dSPE is generally more effective with acetonitrile and in some matrices such as peas, the co-extractives may increase significantly when ethyl acetate is used as the extraction solvent [32]. Others have found that the number of GC-amenable pesticides increases with the use of ethyl acetate rather than acetonitrile and good recoveries were obtained with dSPE using a mixture of PSA, GCB, PSA, and Zr-Sep + [15].…”

“…Others have found that the number of GC-amenable pesticides increases with the use of ethyl acetate rather than acetonitrile and good recoveries were obtained with dSPE using a mixture of PSA, GCB, PSA, and Zr-Sep + [15]. Recoveries improved for cleanup of extracts for analysis of OPs and carbamates by LC-MS/MS (egg products) when acetonitrile, rather than ethyl acetate, was used, and when ethyl acetate was used, recoveries >120% were reported even when followed by dSPE [31]. The use of freezing-out after ethyl acetate salt-out extraction can remove the high lipid content in the co-extracted matrix and if this is followed by C18 and Al 2 O 3 addition for removal of lipophilic compounds, fatty acids, sugars, and other acidic compounds (along with MgSO 4 to handle water content and high protein content of extracts) it provides better recoveries than when only dSPE with PSA, C18, and Al 2 O 3 combinations was used [17].…”

“…Acetone is a poor extraction solvent and has been found to poorly recover polar analytes such as acephate and cyromazine [31]. Addition of hexane to acetonitrile prior to salt-out has been used to improve recoveries of OPs for bee samples that contain co-extracted beeswax with exception of diazinon and coumaphos that observed a drop in recoveries of 22 and 12%, respectively [5].…”

Simultaneous determination of 106 pesticides in nuts by LC–MS/MS using freeze‐out combined with dispersive solid‐phase extraction purification

“…To remove lipids compound from extraction, a set of methods have been developed, including low-temperature precipitation (freezing-out) [7,8], GPC [9,10], SPE [11,12], and dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) [13][14][15]. In the last decade, the QuEChERS method was introduced and successfully applied for the extraction of pesticides from tobacco [16,17], cereals [18], eggs [19], fruits [20,21] and vegetables [22]. The weaknesses of the QuEChERS method appeared when testing products with a water content lower than 25% and high content of fatty acids.…”