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В статье обобщены результаты современных сравнительно-педагогических исследований (статей, диссертаций) за последние 15 лет о подготовке вокалистов в Китае и России, выполненных преимущественно китайскими учеными единолично, в соавторстве с российскими учеными или под научным руководством ученых российских вузов. Их проблематика связана с влиянием русского вокального (оперного) искусства на китайское и особенностями подготовки вокалистов в Китае и России (сходства и различия). Обзор данных исследований позволяет создать целостное представление о текущем состоянии подготовки вокалистов в двух странах, специфике, развитии и интеграции вокальных школ. The role of comparative research has increased, and the interdependent world has become the modern context for the development of comparative pedagogy. Recently, the number of scientific and pedagogical publications devoted to music education and vocal pedagogy, in particular the training of vocalists, has increased in both countries. In Russian universities and conservatories, vocalists from China are trained, vocal competitions are held with participants from both countries, and Russian teachers in the field of music education are invited to China for teaching activities. The article summarizes the results of modern comparative pedagogical research over the past 15 years on the training of vocalists in China and Russia, carried out primarily by Chinese scientists alone, in collaboration with Russian scientists or under the scientific supervision of scientists from Russian universities. Their problems are mainly related to the influence of Russian vocal art (opera) on Chinese and the peculiarities of training vocalists in China and Russia (similarities and differences). The review of research data allows us to create a holistic picture of the current state of training of vocalists in the two countries, the specifics, development and integration of vocal schools. Modern research confirms the influence of Russian theory and practice in the field of training vocalists on Chinese musical and vocal education, but the training systems in both China and Russia are equally highly and respectfully assessed, their uniqueness, similarities, and differences are revealed, noting possible areas for improvement.
В статье обобщены результаты современных сравнительно-педагогических исследований (статей, диссертаций) за последние 15 лет о подготовке вокалистов в Китае и России, выполненных преимущественно китайскими учеными единолично, в соавторстве с российскими учеными или под научным руководством ученых российских вузов. Их проблематика связана с влиянием русского вокального (оперного) искусства на китайское и особенностями подготовки вокалистов в Китае и России (сходства и различия). Обзор данных исследований позволяет создать целостное представление о текущем состоянии подготовки вокалистов в двух странах, специфике, развитии и интеграции вокальных школ. The role of comparative research has increased, and the interdependent world has become the modern context for the development of comparative pedagogy. Recently, the number of scientific and pedagogical publications devoted to music education and vocal pedagogy, in particular the training of vocalists, has increased in both countries. In Russian universities and conservatories, vocalists from China are trained, vocal competitions are held with participants from both countries, and Russian teachers in the field of music education are invited to China for teaching activities. The article summarizes the results of modern comparative pedagogical research over the past 15 years on the training of vocalists in China and Russia, carried out primarily by Chinese scientists alone, in collaboration with Russian scientists or under the scientific supervision of scientists from Russian universities. Their problems are mainly related to the influence of Russian vocal art (opera) on Chinese and the peculiarities of training vocalists in China and Russia (similarities and differences). The review of research data allows us to create a holistic picture of the current state of training of vocalists in the two countries, the specifics, development and integration of vocal schools. Modern research confirms the influence of Russian theory and practice in the field of training vocalists on Chinese musical and vocal education, but the training systems in both China and Russia are equally highly and respectfully assessed, their uniqueness, similarities, and differences are revealed, noting possible areas for improvement.
обращение к развитой системе российского музыкального образования вызвало необходимость усиления качества профессиональной подготовки студентов-музыкантов в Китае на разных этапах его исторического развития. Цель исследования – раскрыть основные различия в системах китайского и российского музыкального образования. В статье охарактеризованы отличительные черты становления музыкального образования в России и Китае с позиции развития видов музыки, привлечения музыкантов для популяризации всеобщего обучения музыке и ступеней получения музыкального образования в результате реструктуризации системы обучения музыке. Описано влияние советского и российского музыкального образования на расцвет музыкального образования в Китайской Народной Республике: в 1950–1960-е гг., когда советские музыканты передавали свой опыт китайским коллегам; обеспечение непрерывного национального музыкального образования в 1960-1980-х гг. несмотря на временные приостановки межкультурного сотрудничества; внедрение инновационных подходов к реализации музыкального образования в Китае в 2000-2010-х гг. Сравнены личностные аспекты российского и китайского музыкального образования, влияющего на их результативность: количество обучающихся, организация самоуправления в обучении, внедрение антропоцентрического метода преподавания музыки, реализация музыкальной творческой деятельности. the appeal to the developed system of Russian music education has caused the need to strengthen the quality of professional training of musical students in China at different stages of its historical development. The purpose of the study is to reveal the main differences in the systems of Chinese and Russian music education. The article describes the distinctive features of the formation of music education in Russia and China from the perspective of the development of types of music, the involvement of musicians to popularize universal music education and the stages of musical education as a result of the restructuring of the music education system. The influence of Soviet and Russian musical education on the flourishing of musical education in the People’s Republic of China is described: in the 1950s and 1960s, when Soviet musicians passed on their experience to their Chinese colleagues; ensuring continuous national music education in the 1960s and 1980s, despite the temporary suspension of intercultural cooperation; the introduction of innovative approaches to the implementation of music education in China in the 2000s and 2010s. The personal aspects of Russian and Chinese music education affecting their effectiveness are compared: the number of students, the organization of self-management in education, the introduction of an anthropocentric method of teaching music, the implementation of musical creative activity.
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