Development, calibration and validation of weighing lysimeters for measurement of evapotranspiration of crops

Daniel

et al. 2020

Self Cite

RESUMO:Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da cobertura do solo na evapotranspiração e nas características produtivas do milho safrinha na região de Tangará da Serra -MT. O experimento foi conduzido no campo experimental da UNEMAT, no ano de 2016, com três tratamentos e 28 repetições, sendo: sem cobertura vegetal; cobertura com 4 t ha -1 e cobertura com 8 t ha -1 de massa seca de braquiária. A evapotranspiração da cultura do milho -ETc, foi determinada através de lisímetros de pesagem e a evaporação do solo foi determinada em microlisímetros. A ETc acumulada para o tratamento sem cobertura vegetal foi de 335,94 mm; 304,60 mm com cobertura de 4 t ha -1 de braquiária e 332,05 mm com cobertura de 8 t ha -1 de braquiária. A evaporação do solo foi reduzida em 68,64 mm, quando utilizado cobertura de 4 t ha -1 , em 74,74 mm quando utilizou-se 8 t ha -1 . A transpiração aumentou 36,58 mm e, 69,65 mm, respectivamente, em relação ao tratamento sem cobertura do solo. Todas as variáveis de características produtivas do milho foram influenciadas positivamente pelo uso de cobertura do solo. A produtividade foi de 8264,67; 9929,18 e 9939,52 kg ha -1 , para os tratamentos sem cobertura, com cobertura de 4 t ha -1 e 8 t ha -1 , respectivamente. Palavras-chave:Zea mays L. Evaporação do solo. Lisimetria. Microlisímetros. Transpiração da planta. SOIL COVERAGE, EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF OFF-SEASON CORNABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of soil cover on evapotranspiration and the yield characteristics of the off-season corn crop in the Tangará da Serra -MT region. The experiment was conducted in the experimental field of the State University of Mato Grosso, in the year 2016, with 28 replications and three treatments, being: without vegetation cover; Cover with 4 t ha -1 of dry mass of brachiaria and cover with 8 t ha -1 Cultura Agronômica, Ilha Solteira, v.29, n.1, p.76-91, 2020 ISSN 2446 77 of dry mass of brachiaria. For the calculation of reference evapotranspiration -ETo, the Penman-Monteith methodology was used. The evapotranspiration of the corn -ETc crop was determined through six weighing lysimeters and soil evaporation was determined in microlysimeters. The ETc accumulated for the treatment without vegetal cover was of 335.94 mm; 304.60 mm with cover of 4 t ha -1 of brachiaria and 332.05 mm with cover of 8 t ha -1 of brachiaria. Soil evaporation was reduced by 68.64 mm when using 4 t ha -1 cover, in 74.74 mm when using 8 t ha -1 . The transpiration increased 36.58 mm and, 69.65 mm, respectively. All variables of corn production characteristics were positively influenced by the use of soil cover. The productivity was 8264.67; 9929.18 and 9939.52 kg ha -1 , for the treatments without cover, with coverage of 4 t ha -1 and 8 t ha -1 , respectively.

Section: Methodsunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cobertura do solo, evapotranspiração e produtividade do milho safrinha

Barbieri

Daniel

et al. 2020

Self Cite

“…1), mainly used for determination of evapotranspiration of annual crops, with methodology of construction, calibration and validation described by Fenner at al. [15]. The sensors in the lysimeters are load cell type (Alfa SV100, Alfa Instrumentos Eletrônicos Ltda., Brasil) with a capacity of 100 kg +/-50% with a response of 2 +/-10% mV V -1 , according to the manufacturer.…”

Section: Soil and Climatic Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methodology used to determine the water consumption and crop coefficients that have been employed in Brazil is through the use of lysimetry, and the high precision weighing lysimeter is the most used model in annual crop studies [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evapotranspiration and Dual Crop Coefficient of Maize Second Season Intercropped with Crotalaria

Daniel

Barbieri³

et al. 2020

JEAI

Self Cite

The objective of this work was to determine the dual coefficient of culture (Kc) of maize in monoculture and intercropping systems, as well as to evaluate the influence of intercropping on evapotranspiration and productive characteristics of maize second season. The experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the State University of Mato Grosso - UNEMAT in 2018, with three treatments: T1 - maize monoculture; T2 - Crotalaria monoculture and T3 - maize + Crotalaria. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of maize, Crotalaria, and maize + Crotalaria intercropping was determined daily by weight variation of weighing lysimeters, converted into mm day-1. The methodology used was that of dual Kc - FAO 56, dividing the crop coefficient (Kc), in soil evaporation coefficient (Ke), determined in microlysimeters, and basal crop coefficient (Kcb), determined in weighing lysimeters. The phenological phases of the maize crop were observed to determine the coefficients in the different developmental stages, being the Kc, Kcb, Ke in the phases: Initial (I), Development (II), Intermediate (III) and Final (IV). The accumulated culture evapotranspiration was 312.00; 436.16 and 422.38 mm and daily averages of 2.86; 4.00- and 3.88-mm d-1, respectively for monoculture maize, for Crotalaria and for intercropping. The Kc values for each phase of maize development in intercropping with crotalaria were: I (1.46); II (1.48); III (1.59) and IV (0.94). For maize monoculture, dual Kc values were: I (1.24), II (1.30), III (1.00) and IV (1.11) and for Crotalaria monoculture were: I (1.77), II (1.59), III (1.56) and IV (1.05).

“…The experiment was carried out on six high precision weighing lysimeters, existing in the experimental area, with an area of 2.25 m² (1.50 x 1.50 m) and 1.20 m deep, described by Fenner, et al [15]. These were previously calibrated to control the water inputs and outputs of the system through evapotranspiration, irrigation, precipitation, and drainage.…”

Section: Procedures Experimentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal and Soil Moisture Amplitude of Intercropped Crops

Barbieri

Freitas

et al. 2020

JEAI

Self Cite

Conservation systems of production are promoting yields and profitability, intercropping systems aim at sustainable maximization of soil and water use, and have become an alternative for regions characterized by relatively short rainy periods and high temperatures. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the intercropping system between maize (Zea mays L.) and C. juncea (Crotalaria juncea L.) on soil temperature and humidity for the municipality of Tangará da Serra in Brazil. The treatments consisted of the single crop of maize and crotalaria, as well as their intercrop cultivation, the soil temperature was evaluated at depths of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 m and soil moisture at depths of 0.20 and 0.40 m. The components of grain production and yield of maize were also evaluated, for crotalaria, height, diameter and dry mass of the plants were evaluated. The highest soil temperature occurred at 14 h with an average of 21°C for all three treatments. The intercropping of maize with crotalaria gave the soil a lower amplitude of the soil temperature and kept the soil moisture high with values of 0.3 m3 m-3 in the depth of 0.20 m. The development stage presented the lowest mean thermal amplitude and higher humidity for the intercrop system. The yield of maize in an intercrop was reduced by 42.7% compared to a single crop.