Development, characterization, and initial evaluations of S1 a new chromogenic cephalosporin for β-lactamase delection

Sutton, Larry D.; Biedenbach, Douglas J.; Yen, Ann; Jones, Ronald N.

doi:10.1016/0732-8893(94)00075-8

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Paper disks containing the chromogenic cephalosporins nitrocefin (Cefinase™, Becton Dickinson, Glostrup, Denmark) and cefisone (Cefinase Plus™, Becton Dickinson) [6] were used according to the manufacturer's instructions, to test for β ‐lactamase production. Disks were examined for the appearance of a pink–red colored dot for up to 60 min with S. aureus grown on a plate.…”

Section: Results Of Tests Used For Detection Of β‐Lactamase In Four Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mecillinam susceptibility as an indicator of β-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus

Bruun

Gahrn-Hansen

2002

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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The use of direct susceptibility testing from specimens has led to the fortuitous observation that penicillin-susceptible strains have larger inhibition zones for mecillinam than do beta-lactamase producers. The current study was, therefore, undertaken to test 179 Staphylococcus aureus isolates for mecillinam susceptibility by Rosco Neo-Sensitabs and to compare the results with commonly used tests for beta-lactamase production, i.e. size and character of penicillin inhibition zones, chromogenic cephalosporin (nitrocefin) tests and clover leaf assays. Agreement between methods was reached for 175 of 179 strains when disregarding the results of the nitrocefin tests, 88 isolates being found susceptible and 87 being found to be beta-lactamase producers. All 88 susceptible isolates had mecillinam zones of >22 mm, with the great majority being >25 mm; double zones did, however, occur. The 87 beta-lactamase producers had zones <14 mm or no zones. Four isolates presenting problems in had mecillinam zones of

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Section: Results Of Tests Used For Detection Of β‐Lactamase In Four Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mecillinam susceptibility as an indicator of β-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus

Bruun

Gahrn-Hansen

2002

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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“…For phenotypic detection of beta-lactamase activity, the chromogenic substrate nitrocefin (Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) was used (35). 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, GmbH, Zug, Switzerland) was used as a specific AmpC inhibitor (2), and clavulanic acid (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, GmbH, Zug, Switzerland) was used as an inhibitor of Ambler class A beta-lactamases (e.g., ESBL and TEM-1 beta-lactamases) (5).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of AmpC Beta-Lactamase in Escherichia coli: Comparison of Three Phenotypic Confirmation Assays and Genetic Analysis

et al. 2011

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Two mechanisms account for AmpC activity in Escherichia coli, namely, mutations in the ampC promoter and attenuator regions resulting in ampC overexpression and acquisition of plasmid-carried ampC genes. In this study, we analyzed 51 clinical E. coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, or extended-spectrum cephalosporins for the presence of AmpC production. Three phenotypic AmpC confirmation assays (cefoxitin-cloxacillin disk diffusion test, cefoxitin-EDTA disk diffusion test, and AmpC Etest) were compared for the detection of AmpC activity. All 51 isolates were characterized genetically by mutational analysis of the chromosomal ampC promoter/attenuator region and by PCR detection of plasmid-carried ampC genes. Altogether, 21/51 (41%) E. coli isolates were considered true AmpC producers. AmpC activity due to chromosomal ampC promoter/attenuator mutations was found in 12/21 strains, and plasmid-carried ampC genes were detected in 8/21 isolates. One strain contained both ampC promoter mutations and a plasmid-carried ampC gene. All three phenotypic tests were able to detect the majority (>90%) of AmpC-positive strains correctly. Cefoxitin resistance was found to be a discriminative parameter, detecting 20/21 AmpC-producing strains. Susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, e.g., ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime, was found in 9 of the 21 AmpC-positive strains. Considering the elevated zone diameter breakpoints of the 2010 CLSI guidelines, 2/21 AmpC-positive strains were categorized as susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

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“…In vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefepime, amikacin, levofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, penicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, erythromycin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and clindamycin, which were all purchased from the Beijing Tiantan biological technology development company, were determined by disk diffusion and/or MIC determination in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (6,20). A chromogenic cephalosporin was used for ␤-lactamase detection as described previously (38). Screening for MRSA was performed using cefoxitin disks (30 g), and inducible clindamycin resistance was identified as a D-shaped inhibition zone by the clindamycin-erythromycin double-disk test (D test) as recommended by the CLSI (6,20).…”

Section: Study Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal Colonization of and Clonal Transmission of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among Chinese Military Volunteers

Cui

Guo

et al. 2010

J Clin Microbiol

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Military facilities provide unique opportunities for studying Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and transmission patterns. In this cross-sectional observational study, we assessed the prevalence of S. aureus nasal colonization among Chinese military volunteers in two camps in the Beijing area. Antimicrobial resistance patterns, risk factors for colonization, and transmission patterns using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were also evaluated. From May to July 2007, 1,044 nasal swabs were collected from military volunteers from suburban (560) and urban (484) Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of skin and soft tissue infections, as well as invasive infections in humans (25). Since methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was first reported, it has become endemic in hospitals and communities around the world (10). The recent emergence of a highly virulent community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant, intermediate-resistant, or heteroresistant S. aureus further heightens public health concerns (14,17,37,46). Prevention of S. aureus infection and reduction of the spread of virulent and resistant strains are therefore of great importance.On the other hand, S. aureus is a member of the commensal microflora. The anterior nares of the nose are the primary reservoirs of S. aureus colonization in humans, and many S. aureus infections occur in persons with prior nasal bacterial carriage (47). Nasal colonization is an important step in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection and is a risk factor for acquiring nosocomial infection (22). It has been shown that 80% of nosocomial S. aureus bacteremia episodes in carriers of this bacteria were attributed to an endogenous source (44). Nosocomial S. aureus bacteremia was three times more frequent in S. aureus carriers than in noncarriers (48). Numerous studies of S. aureus nasal carriage have been carried out in various geographic regions in the United States and the Netherlands (2,5,7,21,23,27,28,41). Cross-section surveys of nasal carriage prevalence and transmission mechanisms in special healthy populations are beneficial in assessing risk factors associated with S. aureus infections (2,8,13,26,(32)(33)(34)(35). Military facilities provide unique opportunities for studying S. aureus nasal colonization and transmission (11,19,52).In China, MRSA was shown in 63% of S. aureus isolates, among which 77% nosocomial and 43% community isolates were MRSA (49). According to a study conducted in 2005, the mean incidence of MRSA across China was over 50%, and in Shanghai, the prevalence was over 80%, contributed to by two major epidemic MRSA clones with unique geographic distribution (24,45,50,51). Therefore, understanding and controlling the spread of MRSA in both hospital and community settings in China are now of paramount importance. The majority of S. aureus isolates studied in China have been limited to clinical patients, and S. aureus isolates recovered from healthy populations or those from healthy military volunteers have not been previously reported....

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Development, characterization, and initial evaluations of S1 a new chromogenic cephalosporin for β-lactamase delection

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Mecillinam susceptibility as an indicator of β-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus

Mecillinam susceptibility as an indicator of β-lactamase production in Staphylococcus aureus

Detection of AmpC Beta-Lactamase in Escherichia coli: Comparison of Three Phenotypic Confirmation Assays and Genetic Analysis

Nasal Colonization of and Clonal Transmission of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus among Chinese Military Volunteers

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