Development, Characterization and Optimization of the Anti-Inflammatory Influence of Meloxicam Loaded into a Eucalyptus Oil-Based Nanoemulgel

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to explore the influence of a certain natural essential oil, namely eucalyptus oil, as an anti-inflammatory agent in addition to its prospective role in enhancing the action of meloxicam in reducing inflammation. As far as we know, this has been the first integration of meloxicam and eucalyptus essential oil into a nanoemulgel formulation intended for topical use. Primarily, eucalyptus oil was utilized in developing a nanoemulsion formulation incorporating meloxicam. A 22 factorial design was constructed using two independent variables (oil concentration and surfactant concentration) with two responses (particle size and % of in vitro release). One optimized formula was selected depending on the desirability function and subjected to a stability study. The optimized nanoemulsion was mixed with HPMC as a gelling agent to produce a meloxicam-loaded nanoemulgel, which was examined for its properties, stability, in vitro release and ex vivo permeation. Eventually, the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated and compared with a placebo and corresponding gel formulation. The developed nanoemulgel revealed acceptable physical characteristics to be applied topically. Studying of the in vitro release was conducted successfully for 6 h. The ex vivo permeation from the nanoemulgel formulations was prompted, showing an appropriate value of the steady-state transdermal flux (SSTF). As a final point, the anti-inflammatory activity of the developed nanoemulgel revealed a valued anti-inflammatory influence. Additionally, the concurrence of eucalyptus essential oil and meloxicam was assured, and their potential in combating and lowering inflammation was supported.

Thermosensitive Hydrogels Loaded with Resveratrol Nanoemulsion: Formulation Optimization by Central Composite Design and Evaluation in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

“…It is the thermostability that differentiates nanoemulsions from conventional emulsions, which have good kinetic stability but eventually phase separate with time. Thermodynamic stability studies ensure the stability of the optimized formulation [ 60 , 61 , 62 ]. The metastable formation can be detected by these tests.…”

Shea Butter Potentiates the Anti-Bacterial Activity of Fusidic Acid Incorporated into Solid Lipid Nanoparticle

“…FA-SLN-hydrogel was inspected for its viscosity, utilizing the Brookfield viscometer (DV-II+ Pro, Middleboro, MA, USA). The assessment was performed using spindle R5, rotating at 0.5 rpm at room temperature [45]. Moreover, the capability of the topical preparation to spread uniformly and effortlessly when applied over the skin was determined by spreadability measurement.…”

“…The study continued for 3 months to evaluate the characterization of the formulation, namely: pH, viscosity, spreadability and in vitro release following 1 and 3 months. The study was performed according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines [45].…”

Tea Tree Oil Nanoemulsion-Based Hydrogel Vehicle for Enhancing Topical Delivery of Neomycin

“…Topical delivery is a more desirable and convenient strategy than other routes of administration owing to its great advantages [ 3 ], since it can overcome the first pass mechanism and the problems associated with swallowing [ 4 ]. Topical drug delivery systems can be used for treating a wide variety of disorders where they are available as analgesic [ 5 ], antifungal [ 6 ], anti-inflammatory [ 7 ], anticancer [ 8 ], antioxidant [ 9 ] and antibacterial formulations [ 10 ]. Ointments and creams are different conventional dosage forms that are broadly used topically; however, certain problems could limit their formulation.…”

“…The best category to be combined with these antibiotics is natural products owing to their excellent efficacy and safety [ 7 ]. Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil of the Australian native plant Melaleuca alternifolia , a well-known genus derived from the Myrtaceae family [ 31 ].…”