Development in nutrient balances in Danish agriculture 1980–2004

Kyllingsbæk, Arne; Hansen, Julie Elvekjær

doi:10.1007/s10705-007-9114-6

Cited by 43 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…7Á5 t ha -1 ), but accompanied by a high risk of nutrient leaching and run-off into groundwater. Farming practices in Denmark and elsewhere in the EU (Larsson et al, 2005;Wendland et al, 2009) have been highly regulated to reduce N losses and, in Denmark, the overall N use in wheat has declined by 40 % with no change in national yields during the last 20 years (Kyllingsbaek and Hansen, 2007;Kronvang et al, 2008;Dalgaard et al, 2014).…”

Section: Background To Danish and Australian Wheat-farming Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root system-based limits to agricultural productivity and efficiency: the farming systems context

Thorup‐Kristensen

Kirkegaard

2016

Ann Bot

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Background There has been renewed global interest in both genetic and management strategies to improve root system function in order to improve agricultural productivity and minimize environmental damage. Improving root system capture of water and nutrients is an obvious strategy, yet few studies consider the important interactions between the genetic improvements proposed, and crop management at a system scale that will influence likely success.Scope To exemplify these interactions, the contrasting cereal-based farming systems of Denmark and Australia were used, where the improved uptake of water and nitrogen from deeper soil layers has been proposed to improve productivity and environmental outcomes in both systems. The analysis showed that water and nitrogen availability, especially in deeper layers (>1 m), was significantly affected by the preceding crops and management, and likely to interact strongly with deeper rooting as a specific trait of interest.Conclusions In the semi-arid Australian environment, grain yield impacts from storage and uptake of water from depth (>1 m) could be influenced to a stronger degree by preceding crop choice (0Á42 t ha ). Matching of deep-rooted genotypes to management provided the greatest improvements related to deep water capture. In the wetter environment of Denmark, reduced leaching of N was the focus. Here the amount of N moving below the root zone was also influenced by previous crop choice or cover crop management (effects up to 85 kg N ha -1 ) and wheat crop sowing date (up to 45 kg ha -1 ), effects which over-ride the effects of differences in rooting depth among genotypes. These examples highlight the need to understand the farming system context and important G Â E Â M interactions in studies on proposed genetic improvements to root systems for improved productivity or environmental outcomes.

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Section: Background To Danish and Australian Wheat-farming Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root system-based limits to agricultural productivity and efficiency: the farming systems context

Thorup‐Kristensen

Kirkegaard

2016

Ann Bot

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“…The imbalance between nutrients in excretal returns from livestock and the land available for manure recycling can be a significant challenge, in developing countries, as well as in regions where livestock production is already highly intensified, as spreading of manure N in excess of crop requirements increases the potential for environmental losses, including emissions of NH 3 , N 2 O and other N compounds. For example, a reduction in average surplus N from 175 to 123 kg/ha was achieved by Danish agriculture between 1980 and 2004 by adoption of fertiliser plans that take the availability of N in manure into account, together with measures to reduce environmental losses during storage and field application (Kyllingsbaek and Hansen, 2007).…”

Section: Model Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Petersen

Blanchard

Chadwick

et al. 2013

Animal

143

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Ongoing intensification and specialisation of livestock production lead to increasing volumes of manure to be managed, which are a source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). Net emissions of CH 4 and N 2 O result from a multitude of microbial activities in the manure environment. Their relative importance depends not only on manure composition and local management practices with respect to treatment, storage and field application, but also on ambient climatic conditions. The diversity of livestock production systems, and their associated manure management, is discussed on the basis of four regional cases (Sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, China and Europe) with increasing levels of intensification and priorities with respect to nutrient management and environmental regulation. GHG mitigation options for production systems based on solid and liquid manure management are then presented, and potentials for positive and negative interactions between pollutants, and between management practices, are discussed. The diversity of manure properties and environmental conditions necessitate a modelling approach for improving estimates of GHG emissions, and for predicting effects of management changes for GHG mitigation, and requirements for such a model are discussed. Finally, we briefly discuss drivers for, and barriers against, introduction of GHG mitigation measures for livestock production. There is no conflict between efforts to improve food and feed production, and efforts to reduce GHG emissions from manure management. Growth in livestock populations are projected to occur mainly in intensive production systems where, for this and other reasons, the largest potentials for GHG mitigation may be found.Keywords: methane, nitrous oxide, storage, treatment, farm model ImplicationsLivestock manure is a source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly as methane and nitrous oxide. GHG emissions are biogenic and regulated by manure characteristics, and therefore emissions can be manipulated via handling, treatment and storage conditions. Globally, livestock production systems vary widely, and this is also true for GHG mitigation potentials, but generally efforts to conserve nutrients in manure for crop production will also reduce GHG emissions. Future growth in livestock production is projected to occur mainly in confined animal feeding operations, which also appear to have the greatest potential for GHG mitigation. IntroductionSince the mid 20th century, there has been a growing pressure on land resources for production of food and feed for livestock and, increasingly, crops for energy production (Hoogwijk et al., 2005). To fulfil the demand for meat, milk and eggs, livestock production in developing countries is expanding, especially in peri-urban areas (Gerber et al., 2005), and worldwide becomes more specialised (Steinfeld et al., 2006). In consequence of these trends, increasing volumes of livestock manure are produced, which are a source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) contributing t...

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“…Some countries, such as Denmark, have given priority to agroenvironmental schemes, restricting the use of fertilizers and manure. The impact of these measures was studied by evaluating farm gate nutrient balances (Kyllingsbaek and Hansen, 2007). It was shown that nutrient surpluses at the farm gate were reduced; however, the effects on water quality were small.…”

Section: Mixed Farming Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen, sustainable agriculture and food security. A review

Spiertz

2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

298

148

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-The impact of modern agriculture on natural resources has become a major global concern. Population growth and expanding demand for agricultural products constantly increase the pressure on land and water resources. A major point of concern for many intensively managed agricultural systems with high external inputs is the low resource-use efficiency, especially for nitrogen. A high input combined with a low efficiency ultimately results in environmental problems such as soil degradation, eutrophication, pollution of groundwater, and emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases. Evidently, there is a need for a transition of current agricultural systems into highly resource-use efficient systems that are profitable, but at the same time ecologically safe and socially acceptable. Here, opportunities to improve nitrogenuse efficiency in cropping and farming systems are analyzed and discussed. In the past and present, increased productivity of the major plant production systems has been derived from genetic improvement, and from greater use of external inputs such as energy, fertilizers, pesticides and irrigation water. Aiming at improving resource-use efficiencies, in high-input systems the focus should be on more yield with less fertilizer N. In low-input systems additional use of N fertilizer may be required to increase yield level and yield stability. Developing production systems that meet the goals of sustainable agriculture requires research on different scales, from single crops to diverse cropping and farming systems. It is concluded that N supply should match N demand in time and space, not only for single crops but for a crop rotation as an integrated system, in order to achieve a higher agronomic N-use efficiency. A combination of quantitative systems research, development of best practices and legislation will be needed to develop more environmentally-friendly agricultural systems. The growing complexity of managing N in sustainable agricultural systems calls for problem-oriented, interdisciplinary research. productivity / nitrogen-use efficiency / cropping systems / biodiversity / land use / environment

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Development in nutrient balances in Danish agriculture 1980–2004

Cited by 43 publications

References 22 publications

Root system-based limits to agricultural productivity and efficiency: the farming systems context

Root system-based limits to agricultural productivity and efficiency: the farming systems context

Manure management for greenhouse gas mitigation

Nitrogen, sustainable agriculture and food security. A review

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