Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Kishimoto, Masashi; Muroyama, Hiroki; Suzuki, Shinsuke; Saito, Motohiro; Koide, Tomoyo; Takahashi, Yosuke; Horiuchi, Toshitaka; Yamasaki, Hajime; Matsumoto, Shigeji; Kubo, Hidehito; Takahashi, Nobuhide; Okabe, Akihiro; Ueguchi, S.; Jun, Mun-Suk; Tateno, Akira; Matsuo, Takahiro; Matsui, Toshiaki; Iwai, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Hideo; Eguchi, Koichi

doi:10.1002/fuce.201900131

Cited by 101 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For natural gas or methane fueled SOFC, η P usually ranges from 42 to 64% [65][66][67] depending on temperature, pressure, current density, reactant utilization, anode off-gas recycling, and balance of plant (BOP) components. For ammonia, η P varies between 40 to 60% as is widely reported [68][69][70]. For our processes, η RTE (Figure 6C) as calculated from Equation 11, follows the order hydrogen (62.1%) > methane by Route 1 (43.4%) > ammonia by Route 2 (41.1%) > methane by Route 2 (40.4%) > ammonia by Route 1 (39.2%).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel

et al. 2021

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Reversible solid oxide cells (rSOC) enable the efficient cyclic conversion between electrical and chemical energy in the form of fuels and chemicals, thereby providing a pathway for long-term and high-capacity energy storage. Amongst the different fuels under investigation, hydrogen, methane, and ammonia have gained immense attention as carbon-neutral energy vectors. Here we have compared the energy efficiency and the energy demand of rSOC based on these three fuels. In the fuel cell mode of operation (energy generation), two different routes have been considered for both methane and ammonia; Routes 1 and 2 involve internal reforming (in the case of methane) or cracking (in the case of ammonia) and external reforming or cracking, respectively. The use of hydrogen as fuel provides the highest round-trip efficiency (62.1%) followed by methane by Route 1 (43.4%), ammonia by Route 2 (41.1%), methane by Route 2 (40.4%), and ammonia by Route 1 (39.2%). The lower efficiency of internal ammonia cracking as opposed to its external counterpart can be attributed to the insufficient catalytic activity and stability of the state-of-the-art fuel electrode materials, which is a major hindrance to the scale-up of this technology. A preliminary cost estimate showed that the price of hydrogen, methane and ammonia produced in SOEC mode would be ~1.91, 3.63, and 0.48 $/kg, respectively. In SOFC mode, the cost of electricity generation using hydrogen, internally reformed methane, and internally cracked ammonia would be ~52.34, 46.30, and 47.11 $/MWh, respectively.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel

et al. 2021

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“…41,3 Power generation on a large scale has already been introduced by Kishimoto et al, who demonstrated an ammonia-fed SOFC stack consisting of 30 planar anode supported cells and achieved a 1kW power output with 52 % direct current electrical efficiency. 242…”

Section: Perspective and Challenges Of Ammonia-fed Sofcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

2021

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“…In the existing literature there has been great attention on potential catalysts for the ammonia oxidation [62][63][64][65] and specifically for SOFCs [66,67]. The performance of ammonia fuel cell for land-based energy production or for other systems has attracted attention in the literature, as presented in Table 3.…”

Section: Ammonia Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

et al. 2021

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In April 2018, the International Maritime Organisation adopted an ambitious plan to contribute to the global efforts to reduce the Greenhouse Gas emissions, as set by the Paris Agreement, by targeting a 50% reduction in shipping’s Green House Gas emissions by 2050, benchmarked to 2008 levels. To meet these challenging goals, the maritime industry must introduce environmentally friendly fuels with negligible, or low SOX, NOX and CO2 emissions. Ammonia use in maritime applications is considered promising, due to its high energy density, low flammability, easy storage and low production cost. Moreover, ammonia can be used as fuel in a variety of propulsors such as fuel cells and can be produced from renewable sources. As a result, ammonia can be used as a versatile marine fuel, exploiting the existing infrastructure, and having zero SOX and CO2 emissions. However, there are several challenges to overcome for ammonia to become a compelling fuel towards the decarbonisation of shipping. Such factors include the selection of the appropriate ammonia-fuelled power generator, the selection of the appropriate system safety assessment tool, and mitigating measures to address the hazards of ammonia. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of ammonia fuelled fuel cells for marine applications and presents their potential, and challenges.

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Development of 1 kW‐class Ammonia‐fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack

Cited by 101 publications

References 34 publications

A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel

A Theoretical Study on Reversible Solid Oxide Cells as Key Enablers of Cyclic Conversion between Electrical Energy and Fuel

Recent progress in ammonia fuel cells and their potential applications

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

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