Development of 3D printing sustainable mortars based on a bibliometric analysis

Abstract

In construction, three-dimensional concrete printing technology is an innovative method that opens new design possibilities, reducing the construction time process. The incremental material deposition allows organic shapes without formwork, a mandatory constraint in preparatory phases of conventional complex concrete structures. Nowadays, in three-dimensional printing for construction industry, concrete is the most used material due to its workability, extrudability, and pumpability properties favorable for the printing conditions. Hence, this composition still has a poor sustainable efficiency due to the high levels of Portland Cement. In this research, a reduction of this material was studied and experimented searching for a mortar composition with better ecological footprint, with the objective of decreasing the CO2 emissions. A bibliometric analysis was made to study the constituents of a mortar for three-dimensional printing and respective dosage. The knowledge acquired in the analysis of the compositions contributed to the development of mortars with lower Portland Cement content. A mechanical extruder was used to check the extrusion capacity of the developed mortars, and the best compositions are presented.

Influence of Supplementary Cementitious Materials on Fresh Properties of 3D Printable Materials

“…The results of the flow table and slump tests are graphically reported in Figure 3a. In addition, the capacity for 3DP was evaluated by extruding the material in samples with at least four layers [27]. All the mixes were extruded except the mix PC-2 because it was very dry and blocked the nozzle.…”

“…After extrusion, it should lose part of this workability, stiffening, to be extruded into uniform filaments capable of supporting subsequent layers without deformations. This transformation is necessary over the 3DP process and can be defined in the following 3DP properties: pumpability, extrudability, shape retention and buildability, the period in which the material fulfils all these properties is called open time [16,27].…”

Geopolymerization of Plastic Waste for Sustainable Construction: Unveiling Novel Opportunities in Building Materials

“…For Scopus database, it can be seen that 8% of research area is only covered by compressive strength, which shows that more analysis is being done in the variability of the ingredients of concrete and as a comparative study the compressive strength is being analysed [6], [19], [20]. Aggregates, fly ash, and sustainable development are occupying the area of 4% each.…”

Thermal and Environmental Benefits of 3D Printing on Building Construction

“…It is also a resource to find new colors and textures to improve the behavior of the exterior wall [22]. A better management of the mortar natural components will thus be possible by reducing the CP to bring this option closer to the circular economy principles [23].…”

“…Matter exploration has been pursued by many architects to reveal the building tectonics, from Alvar Alto to Niemyer or Peter Zumthor to Anne Holtrop. However, the limit imposed by the construction system possibilities and the building requisites determines the freedom of building design [23]. Architecture, unlike other arts, has to respond to a program that corresponds to a specific environment with a certain performance.…”