Development of a 4-axis load cell used for lumbar interbody load measurements

Morgan, Craig R.; Sengupta, Dilip K.; Herkowitz, Harry N.

doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.04.002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… 74 – 77 In an attempt to achieve this important clinical goal, new techniques have been proposed for measuring forces to detect fusion in pedicle screw-based smart implants 74 , 75 , 78 and interbody implants. 79 Although, no correlations have been found between time since surgery and forces measured in smart implants to date, 80 , 81 just recently, promising new research with interbody cages has shown that forces on smart interbody implants do correlate to the progression of fusion. 82…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart implants in orthopedic surgery, improving patient outcomes: a review

Ledet

Liddle

Kradinova

et al. 2018

IEH

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Smart implants are implantable devices that provide not only therapeutic benefits but also have diagnostic capabilities. The integration of smart implants into daily clinical practice has the potential for massive cost savings to the health care system. Applications for smart orthopedic implants have been identified for knee arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty, spine fusion, fracture fixation and others. To date, smart orthopedic implants have been used to measure physical parameters from inside the body, including pressure, force, strain, displacement, proximity and temperature. The measurement of physical stimuli is achieved through integration of application-specific technology with the implant. Data from smart implants have led to refinements in implant design, surgical technique and strategies for postoperative care and rehabilitation. In spite of decades of research, with very few exceptions, smart implants have not yet become a part of daily clinical practice. This is largely because integration of current sensor technology necessitates significant modification to the implants. While the technology underlying smart implants has matured significantly over the last several decades, there are still significant technical challenges that need to be overcome before smart implants become part of mainstream health care. Sensors for next-generation smart implants will be small, simple, robust and inexpensive and will necessitate little to no modification to existing implant designs. With rapidly advancing technology, the widespread implementation of smart implants is near. New sensor technology that minimizes modifications to existing implants is the key to enabling smart implants into daily clinical practice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart implants in orthopedic surgery, improving patient outcomes: a review

Ledet

Liddle

Kradinova

et al. 2018

IEH

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“…While considerable literature exists characterizing the biomechanical effectiveness of various posterior lumbar fixation constructs, the focus has almost exclusively been segmental rigidity/range-of-motion (ROM). IB loading and focal lordosis are rarely assessed in a cadaveric model [17-19]. However, given the continued incidence of cage subsidence and cage migration at noteworthy rates, improved understanding of such parameters is warranted [20-24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustable Rigid Interspinous Process Fixation: A Biomechanical Study of Segmental Lordosis and Interbody Loading in the Lumbar Spine

Gandhi

Ferry

Inzana³

et al. 2019

Cureus

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Background Rigid interspinous process fixation (ISPF) may serve as a minimally disruptive adjunct to lumbar interbody fusion. Previous biomechanical assessments of ISPF have demonstrated particularly advantageous outcomes in stabilizing the sagittal plane. However, ISPF has not been well characterized in regard to its impact on interbody load, which has implications for the risk of cage migration or subsidence, and sagittal alignment. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically assess in vitro the interbody load (IBL), focal lordosis (FL), and spinous process loading generated by in situ compression/distraction with a novel ISPF device capable of incremental in situ shortening/extension. Bilateral pedicle screw fixation (BPSF) was used as a control. Methods Two fresh frozen human lumbar spines were thawed and musculature was removed, leaving ligaments intact. Seven functional spinal units were iteratively tested, which involved a standard lateral discectomy, placement of a modified lateral cage possessing two load cells, and posterior fixation. BPSF and ISPF were performed at each level, with order of fixation was randomized. BPSF was first performed with maximum compressive exertion followed by 75% exertion to represent clinical application. The ISPF device was implanted at a neutral height and incrementally shortened/extended in situ in 1-mm increments. IBL and FL were measured under each condition. Loads on the spinous processes were estimated through bench-top mechanical calibration. Results No significant differences in IBL were observed, but the ISPF device produced a significantly greater change in FL compared to the clinically relevant BPSF compression. IBL, as a function of ISPF device height, expressed linear behavior during compression and exponential behavior during distraction. Conclusions The novel ISPF device produced clinically effective IBL and FL, performing well in comparison to BPSF. Additionally, incremental ISPF device manipulation demonstrated predictable and clinically safe trends regarding loading of the interbody space and spinous processes.

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“…A load cell is widely employed in a lots of applications which require quantitative measurement of the applied force. In robotics especially, the load cell enables high precision force control by providing accurate information of actuator output forces and/or contact reaction forces (Adami et al, 2009;Choi et al, 2001;Demetropoulos et al, 2009;Gilbertson et al, 1999;Gobbi et al, 2011;Mastinu et al, 2011;Oh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stack structured hybrid load cell for a high-stroke system

Kim

Lee

2019

JAMDSM

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This illustrates that the system possesses high sensitivity at a low input value and low sensitivity at a high input value. Similarly to the biological system, it is effective for a load cell to follow the nonlinear behavior which enables to cover a wide measurement range with sufficient performance. That is, high sensitivity is required at a low applied force value and vice versa. In this paper, a mathematical model is formulated and a subsequent approximation model is introduced to examine the fore-mentioned characteristics.

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Development of a 4-axis load cell used for lumbar interbody load measurements

Cited by 10 publications

References 22 publications

Smart implants in orthopedic surgery, improving patient outcomes: a review

Smart implants in orthopedic surgery, improving patient outcomes: a review

Adjustable Rigid Interspinous Process Fixation: A Biomechanical Study of Segmental Lordosis and Interbody Loading in the Lumbar Spine

Stack structured hybrid load cell for a high-stroke system

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