Development of a 4 MW Full-Size Wind-Turbine Test Bench

Averous, Nurhan Rizqy; Stieneker, Marco; Kock, Stefan; Andrei, C.; Helmedag, Alexander; Doncker, Rik W. De; Hameyer, Kay; Jacobs, Georg; Monti, Antonello

doi:10.1109/jestpe.2017.2667399

Cited by 53 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Therefore, the harmonic stability of an HVDC connection is very vulnerable. The interactions among grid impedance, converter controllers, and passive filters can cause instability and resonance issues in a WPP as well as HVDC station (Buchhagen et al, 2015;Kocewiak et al, 2013;Sowa et al, 2019;Beza and Bongiorno, 2019).…”

Section: Grid Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Generic characterization of electrical test benches for AC- and HVDC-connected wind power plants

Nouri

Göksu²,

Gevorgian

et al. 2020

Wind Energ. Sci.

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Abstract. The electrical test and assessment of wind turbines go hand in hand with standards and network connection requirements. In this paper, the generic structure of advanced electrical test benches, including grid emulator or controllable grid interface, wind torque emulator, and device under test, is proposed to harmonize state-of-the-art test sites. On the other hand, modern wind turbines are under development towards new features, concerning grid-forming, black-start, and frequency support capabilities as well as harmonic stability and control interaction considerations, to secure the robustness and stability of renewable-energy-based power systems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new and revised test standards and methodologies to address the new features of wind turbines. This paper proposes a generic test structure within two main groups, including open-loop and closed-loop tests. The open-loop tests include the IEC 61400-21-1 standard tests as well as the additional proposed test options for the new capabilities of wind turbines, which replicate grid connection compliance tests using open-loop references for the grid emulator. In addition, the closed-loop tests evaluate the device under test as part of a virtual wind power plant and perform real-time simulations considering the grid dynamics. The closed-loop tests concern grid connection topologies consisting of AC and HVDC, as well as different electrical characteristics, including impedance, short-circuit ratio, inertia, and background harmonics. The proposed tests can be implemented using available advanced test benches by adjusting their control systems. The characteristics of a real power system can be emulated by a grid emulator coupled with real-time digital simulator systems through a high-bandwidth power-hardware-in-the-loop interface.

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Section: Grid Impedancementioning

confidence: 99%

Generic characterization of electrical test benches for AC- and HVDC-connected wind power plants

Nouri

Göksu²,

Gevorgian

et al. 2020

Wind Energ. Sci.

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“…As a result, the friction torque of the LAU can introduce a major uncertainty to the input torque for the turbine, especially given that the friction torque is also highly temperature and load dependent. Research undertaken by Kock et al has studied the friction behaviours of a specific LAU system on a 4‐MW test bench, aiming to quantify the friction torque and the uncertainty introduced by the LAU system. To measure the input torque to the turbine directly, the torque transducer needs to be very robust, in order to withstand the large non‐torque loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposals for a practical calibration method for mechanical torque measurement on the wind turbine drive train under test on a test bench

et al. 2020

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The mechanical torque input into the wind turbine drive train is a very useful measurement for tests performed on a test bench. To ensure the accuracy and the reliability, an accurate calibration of the torque measurement must be carried out and repeated within a certain period of time. However, owing to the high torque level and large structure size, such a calibration is both expensive and time consuming. To overcome this challenge, a new calibration method is proposed here. The method is based on the electrical power measurement, where a high level of accuracy is much easier to achieve. With the help of a special test process, a relationship between the torque‐measuring signal and the electrical power can be established. The process comprises two tests with the drive train running in different operating modes. The calibration is possible by carrying out the same test process on several different torque levels. Detailed uncertainty analysis of the method is presented, whereby the uncertainty can be calculated by means of matrix operation and also numerically. As a demonstration, the implementation of the method on a test bench drive train that contains two 5‐MW motors in tandem with the motors operating in a back‐to‐back configuration is also presented. Finally, some variations on the method and possible ways of achieving better accuracy are discussed.

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“…Therefore, it is possible to simultaneously apply multiaxial dynamic wind loads and highly fluctuating electrical grid loads on the WT in order to simulate a realistic load situation. (Averous et al, 2015), showing the main components.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the 4 MW RWTH nacelle test bench it is possible to apply 3.4 MNm torque under maximum bending moments of about 7 MNm, 3.3 MN radial forces and 4.0 MN thrust (Averous et al, 2015). Thus, exact knowledge of the applied wind loads on a TB is necessary for the determination of the wind turbine efficiency, validation of simulation models and characterization of the drive train behavior under critical operation modes (Kock et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design study for a multicomponent transducer for wind turbine test benches

Gnauert

Jacobs

Kock

et al. 2020

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. This paper covers the design study of a multicomponent transducer (MCT) for wind turbine test benches. The MCT will cover the characteristics of wind turbines in the power range of up to 6 MW. The motivation to develop a MCT such as this is to provide satisfying measurement accuracy of loads and moments for all 6 degrees of freedom in order to reduce the uncertainty in the traceability of the drive train behavior due to the applied loads. Therefore, the estimation of the measurement uncertainty is significant with respect to evaluating the design of the MCT. First, the design process of the MCT is briefly introduced. Second, the strain-gauge-based transducer design is investigated under operational conditions (e.g., torque and multiaxial loads) using finite element (FE) simulations to determine the crosstalk effects. Finally, the measurement uncertainties of all quantities are estimated based on these FE simulations according to the type B evaluation of the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM; JCGM, 2010), including metrological aspects (e.g., linearity deviation and hysteresis) and the crosstalk. It can be shown that the MCT has great potential to significantly improve the measurement uncertainty for the applied wind loads on a wind turbine test bench.

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Development of a 4 MW Full-Size Wind-Turbine Test Bench

Cited by 53 publications

References 8 publications

Generic characterization of electrical test benches for AC- and HVDC-connected wind power plants

Generic characterization of electrical test benches for AC- and HVDC-connected wind power plants

Proposals for a practical calibration method for mechanical torque measurement on the wind turbine drive train under test on a test bench

Design study for a multicomponent transducer for wind turbine test benches

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