Development of a bioactive porous collagen/β‐tricalcium phosphate bone graft assisting rapid vascularization for bone tissue engineering applications

Abstract

Abstract:We developed collagen (COL) and collagen/beta tricalcium phosphate (COL/b-TCP) scaffolds with a b-TCP/collagen weight ratio of 4 by freeze-drying. Mouse bone marrowderived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were cultured on these scaffolds for 14 days. Samples were characterized by physicochemical analyses and their biological properties such as cell viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was, also, examined. Additionally, the vascularization potential of the prepared scaffolds was tested subcutaneously in Wistar rats. We observed a microporous structure with large porosity (95-98%) and appropriate pore size (120-200 mm). The COL/b-TCP scaffolds had a much higher compressive modulus (970 6 1.20 KPa) than pure COL (0.8 6 1.82 KPa). In vitro model of apatite formation was established by immersing the composite scaffold in simulated body fluid for 7 days. An ALP assay revealed that porous COL/b-TCP can effectively activate the differentiation of BMMSCs into osteoblasts. The composite scaffolds also promoted vascularization with good integration with the surrounding tissue. Thus, introduction of b-TCP powder into the porous collagen matrix effectively improved the mechanical and biological properties of the collagen scaffolds, making them potential bone substitutes for enhanced bone regeneration in orthopedic and dental applications.

Electroactive graphene oxide‐incorporated collagen assisting vascularization for cardiac tissue engineering

“…In vivo angiogenic properties of the scaffolds were assessed after subcutaneous implantation on 18 male NMRI mice (25–30 g, age 6–8 weeks). Animals received cyclosporine (Novartis Pharma AG, Switzerland) with their drinking water 3 days before transplantation . For general anesthesia, an intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine (Alfasan, The Netherlands; 0.04 mL/100 g body weight) and xylazine (Alfasan, The Netherlands; 0.02 mL/10 g body weight) was performed.…”

A GelMA-PEGDA-nHA Composite Hydrogel for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…Common bone tissue scaffold materials can be divided into artificial synthetic materials, natural derived materials, and composite scaffold materials. Artificial synthetic materials include inorganic materials such as hydroxyapatite [9,10], tricalcium phosphate [11], and organic materials such as polylactic acid [12] and polyethylene glycol [13]. Naturally derived materials include collagen [14], chitosan [15], coral [16], cuttlefish bone [17], etc.…”

Experimental Study of Bone Defect Repair Using Centrifuged and Non-Centrifuged Bone Marrow Aspirate

“…Although allograft bone grafts and xenograft bone grafts overcome the disadvantages of autogenous bone grafts, they also have drawbacks such as the strong possibility of rejection reactions and the potential spreading of diseases. (7) With the development of tissue engineering, the field of the bone regeneration and repair is revolutionized. This alternative technique provides the benefits of bone grafting with lower complication rates, morbidity, and improved results (8,9) .…”