Development of a Biofidelic Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor

Konosu, Atsuhiro; Tanahashi, Masaaki

doi:10.4271/2003-22-0020

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The ISO working group 2 developed specifications for a 3.5 kg child and a 4.5 kg adult headform (ISO, 2006, ISO, 2007. A new legform, FlexPLI (Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor), has been developed in Japan (Konosu and Tanahashi, 2003). In contrast to the WG17 legform it has a flexible tibia and femur measuring ligament elongation and tibia-bending moment, and has a knee design which allows new tests without part replacement.…”

Section: Component Test Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities of pedestrian protection—A real-life study of severe injuries and car sources

Fredriksson

Rosen

Kullgren

2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Section: Component Test Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Priorities of pedestrian protection—A real-life study of severe injuries and car sources

Fredriksson

Rosen

Kullgren

2010

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…T e physical properties match those of the 50 percentile male and both the thigh and lower leg are composed of flexible elements. Konosu and Tanahashi [17] detail the development of the FLEX PLI that includes component level testing of the thigh, lower leg, and knee.…”

Section: Jamnjari Flex Pli 2003mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Biofidelic ‘Legform’ Impact Test Device

Davis¹,

Schuster²

2007

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Current EuroNCAP test specifications attempt to predict pedestrian lower limb injury in a lateral impact with a rigid legform test device developed by the UK's TRL (Transportation Research Lab). Research shows that the measurements taken from this device (knee bending angle, knee shear, and upper tibia acceleration) do not necessarily correspond to accurate injury prediction. Recent research suggests that the primary improvement to the current test device would be a flexible legform, or one that has more biofidelity (i.e., simulates actual human lower limb response). The work presented in this paper first reviews current legforms developed for pedestrian impact testing, including the TRL impactor used in EuroNCAP tests, Honda's POLAR II pedestrian dummy, and JAMNJARI's FLEX-PLI legform impactor. Component level testing shows the FLEX-PLI performance to be close to the human lower limb response corridors. However, there are still areas of potential improvement with this design. To address these areas, this research includes the phase 1 development of a new legform impactor incorporating adjustable ligament pre-load, direct ligament strain measurements, adjustability in knee flexion to account for the gait cycle, tuned composite bone cores that match the force-deflection curves of PMHS testing, and a condyle load plate that measures knee joint compressive forces. Development techniques include solid modeling, computer-aided manufacturing, composite design and analysis, sensor specifications, and data acquisition. In so doing, the injury specifications set by the EEVC will be modified to account for the more accurate injury assessment of the improved device.

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“…In pedestrian safety regulations, the subsystem test procedure using an isolated leg-form impactor (such as the Flex-PLI leg-form) is employed for evaluation of vehicle safety performance (C-______________________________ NCAP, 2018; Euro-NCAP, 2017; J-NCAP, 2014) [4], [5], [8]. However, the isolated leg-form impactor used in current NCAPs was developed based on the anthropometry of Westerners midsize adult male [9], [10], which may not represent the human body damage situation of Chinese given the big gap in lower limb anthropometry between Chinese and Westerners (e.g., knee height of 50th percentile Chinese adult male is 442 mm, while the data for U.S. is 493 mm) [6] and the significant influence of relative height of knee versus bumper on pedestrian lower limb injury risk observed from real world crashes [12]. This may suggest that the effectiveness of C-NCAP on forcing improvement of vehicle front-end design for pedestrian lower limb protection might be undoubted for Westerners, however it may not be equally effective for Chinese.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could an isolated human body lower limb model predict leg biomechanical response of Chinese pedestrians in vehicle collisions?

Zhengyu

et al. 2020

Acta Bioeng Biomech

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Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether an isolated human body lower limb FE model could predict leg kinematics and biomechanical response of a full body Chinese pedestrian model in vehicle collisions. Methods: A human body lower limb FE model representing midsize Chinese adult male anthropometry was employed with different upper body weight attachments being evaluated by comparing the predictions to those of a full body pedestrian model in vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions considering different front-end shapes. Results: The results indicate that upper body mass has a significant influence on pedestrian lower limb injury risk, the effect varies from vehicle front-end shape and is more remarkable to the femur and knee ligaments than to the tibia. In particular, the upper body mass can generally increase femur and knee ligaments injury risk, but has no obvious effect on the injury risk of tibia. The results also show that a higher attached buttock mass is needed for isolated pedestrian lower limb model for impacts with vehicles of higher bonnet leading edge. Conclusions: The findings of this study may suggest that it is necessary to consider vehicle shape variation in assessment of vehicle pedestrian protection performance and leg-form impactors with adaptive upper body mass should be used for vehicles with different front-end shapes, and the use of regional leg-form impactor modeling the local anthropometry to evaluate the actual lower limb injury of pedestrians in different countries and regions.

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Development of a Biofidelic Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor

Cited by 23 publications

References 0 publications

Priorities of pedestrian protection—A real-life study of severe injuries and car sources

Priorities of pedestrian protection—A real-life study of severe injuries and car sources

Development of a Biofidelic ‘Legform’ Impact Test Device

Could an isolated human body lower limb model predict leg biomechanical response of Chinese pedestrians in vehicle collisions?

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