Deep sea mining is a potential industry in discovering enormous mineral resources, such as polymetallic nodules, hydrothermal vent deposits, and cobalt-rich crusts. These minerals are essential for high-tech companies and renewable energy applications. However, resource exploitation presents substantial obstacles and threats to deep marine ecosystem, are least studied. The geographical areas chosen for deep-sea mining are frequently rich in biodiversity, that could be adversely damaged by mining operations. Deep sea mining has important legal and societal ramifications, with disputes centred on regulatory frameworks, ownership rights, and the possible socioeconomic benefits. Current legislation is evolving to address these issues, but comprehensive worldwide guidelines are urgently required to ensure environmentally and socially acceptable mining practices. Future directions in deep-sea mining will likely focus on increasing operational sustainability, improving environmental monitoring, and creating technologies that reduce ecological footprints.