Development of a body condition scoring system for nonhuman primates using Macaca mulatta as a model

Clingerman, Karen J; Summers, Laura

doi:10.1038/laban0505-31

Cited by 51 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Dietary restrictions were approved by the veterinary staff, and body condition assessments were made every other week. Body scores were maintained at or above 2 on the Clingerman and Summers (2005) scale. Water was available ad libitum.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The M1 Muscarinic Positive Allosteric Modulator PQCA Improves Performance on Translatable Tests of Memory and Attention in Rhesus Monkeys

Lange

Cannon

Drott

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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Improved treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD) is a significant unmet medical need that is becoming even more critical given the rise in the number of patients and the substantial economic burden. The current standards of care, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), are hindered by gastrointestinal side effects owing to their nonselective activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Recently, the highly selective M1 positive allosteric modulator PQCA (1-((4-cyano-4-(pyridine-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl-4-oxo-4 H-quinolizine-3-carboxylic acid) has been demonstrated to improve cognition in a variety of rodent and nonhuman primate cognition models without producing significant gastrointestinal side effects. Here we describe the effect of PQCA and the AChEI donepezil on two clinically relevant and highly translatable touchscreen cognition tasks in nonhuman primates: paired-associates learning (PAL) and the continuous-performance task (CPT). Blockade of muscarinic signaling by scopolamine produced significant impairments in both PAL and CPT. PQCA and donepezil attenuated the scopolamine deficits in both tasks, and the action of these two compounds was similar in magnitude. In addition, the combination of subeffective doses of PQCA and donepezil enhanced PAL performance. These results further suggest that M1-positive allosteric modulators, either as monotherapy or as an add-on to current standards of care, have potential to reduce the cognitive deficits associated with AD.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The M1 Muscarinic Positive Allosteric Modulator PQCA Improves Performance on Translatable Tests of Memory and Attention in Rhesus Monkeys

Lange

Cannon

Drott

et al. 2015

J Pharmacol Exp Ther

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“…Animals were 5.5–6.5 years of age, weighed 11.5–14 kg at the start of the study and exhibited body condition scores (Clingerman and Summers, 2005) of 2.5–4.0 out of 5 at the nearest quarterly exam. Daily chow (LabDiet® 5038, PMI Nutrition International, Richmond, IN, USA; 3.22 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) per gram) allocations were determined by a power function (Taffe, 2004) fit to data provided in a National Research Council recommendation (NRC/NAS, 2003) and modified individually by the veterinary weight management plan.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates MDMA-induced hyperthermia in rhesus monkeys

Taffe

2012

Neuroscience

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Background Cannabis is commonly consumed by Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) users, including as an intentional strategy to manipulate the drug experience. The most active psychoactive constituent in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and other drugs with partial or full agonist activity at the CB1 receptor, produces a reduction of body temperature in rodents. Reports show that administration of THC can attenuate temperature increases caused by MDMA in mice or rats however a recent study in humans shows that THC potentiates MDMA-induced temperature elevations. Relatively little scientific evidence on the thermoregulatory effects of THC in monkeys is available. Methods The body temperature of male rhesus macaques was recorded after challenge with THC (0.1–0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) or combined challenge of THC with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 (Rimonabant; 0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) or combined challenge of THC (0.1, 0.3 m/gkg, i.m.) with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; 1.78 mg/kg p.o.) using minimally-invasive, implanted radiotelemetry techniques. Results THC reduced the body temperature of monkeys in a dose-dependent manner with the nadir observed 3–5 hrs post-injection, however an attenuation of normal circadian cooling was also produced overnight following dosing. Hypothermia induced by THC (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.) was prevented by Rimonabant (0.3 mg/kg, i.m.). Finally, 0.3 mg/kg THC (i.m.) attenuated the elevation of body temperature produced by MDMA for about 4 hours after oral dosing. Conclusions As with rodents THC produces a robust and lasting decrement in the body temperature of rhesus monkeys; this effect is mediated by the CB1 receptor. THC also protects against the immediate hyperthermic effects of MDMA in monkeys in a dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, a paradoxical attenuation of circadian cooling overnight after the THC/MDMA combination cautions that longer term effects may be critical in assessing risks for the recreational user of cannabis in combination with MDMA.

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“…Animals were 6-10 years of age, weighed 8.5-15 kg at the start of the study and exhibited body condition scores (Clingerman and Summers, 2005) of 2.0-3.75 out of 5 at the nearest quarterly exam. Daily chow (160-248 g; LabDiet® 5038, PMI Nutrition International, Richmond, IN, USA; 3.22 kcal of metabolizable energy (ME) per gram) allocations were determined by a power function (Taffe, 2004a,b) fit to data provided in a National Research Council recommendation (NRC/NAS, 2003) and modified individually by the veterinary weight management plan.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and (+)methamphetamine alters temperature and activity in rhesus macaques

Crean¹,

Davis²,

Taffe³

2007

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Rationale-Emergency Department visits and fatalities in which (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or (+)methamphetamine (METH) are involved frequently feature unregulated hyperthermia. MDMA and METH significantly elevate body temperature in multiple laboratory species and, most importantly, can also produce unregulated and threatening hyperthermia in nonhuman primates. A majority of prior animal studies have administered drugs by injection whereas human consumption of "Ecstasy" is typically oral, an important difference in route of administration which may complicate the translation of animal data to the human condition.Objective-To determine if MDMA and METH produce hyperthermia in monkeys following oral administration as they do when administered intramuscularly.Methods-Adult male rhesus monkeys were challenged intramuscularly (i.m.) and per os (p.o.) with 1.78 or 5 mg/kg (±)MDMA and with 0.1 or 0.32 mg/kg (+)METH. Temperature and activity were monitored with a radiotelemetry system.Results-Oral administration of either MDMA or METH produced significant increases in body temperature. Locomotor activity was suppressed by MDMA and increased by METH following either route or administration.Conclusions-The data show that the oral route of administration is not likely to qualitatively reduce the temperature increase associated with MDMA or METH although oral administration did slow the rate of temperature increase. It is further established that MDMA reduces activity in monkeys even after relatively high doses and oral administration.

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Development of a body condition scoring system for nonhuman primates using Macaca mulatta as a model

Cited by 51 publications

References 12 publications

The M1 Muscarinic Positive Allosteric Modulator PQCA Improves Performance on Translatable Tests of Memory and Attention in Rhesus Monkeys

The M1 Muscarinic Positive Allosteric Modulator PQCA Improves Performance on Translatable Tests of Memory and Attention in Rhesus Monkeys

Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates MDMA-induced hyperthermia in rhesus monkeys

Oral administration of (±)3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and (+)methamphetamine alters temperature and activity in rhesus macaques

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