Development of a Breast Feeding Adaptation Scale (BFAS)

Abstract

Purpose:The aim of this study was to develop a breast feeding adaptation scale (BFAS) to evaluate adaptation to breastfeeding for breastfeeding mothers and their infants and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. Methods: The study was conducted as follows: application of the conceptual framework, identification of the content domains, items generation, and test of validity and reliability. In order to test validity and reliability, two panels of experts reviewed items and subcategories of the preliminary questionnaire and then data were collected from 329 mothers who were up to 4 weeks postpartum and breastfeeding. Descriptive statistics, t-test, factor analysis, and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data. Results: The conceptual framework was based on the Roy adaptation model. The content domains were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from the interviews of breastfeeding mothers and nurses. A total of 69 items belonging to 8 domains were generated. A reduction to 44 preliminary items was accomplished through content validity analysis. Factor analysis extracted 8 factors with a total of 27 items on a 5-point Likert scale. Content validity, construct validity, criterion validity, and reliability of the BFAS were established. Conclusion: The newly developed BFAS is a reliable and valid instrument with which the adaptation of breastfeeding mothers and their infants to the breastfeeding behavior can be evaluated.

Factors associated with Maternal Attachment of Breastfeeding Mothers

“…The total score ranges between 27 and 135, with higher scores indicating better adaptation to breastfeeding. Its reliability was confirmed through a Cronbach's ⍺ level of .82 in Kim's [10] study on the occasion of its development and a score of .88 in this study.…”

“…Women experience diverse aspects of the breastfeeding adaptation process immediately after childbirth. Breastfeeding adaptation involves four aspects: the physiological aspect, which involves the ability of the mother to provide an ample amount of breast milk for the baby and engage in convenient feeding sessions, as well as infants' ability to feed and grow; the self-concept aspect, which involves improving confidence in breastfeeding; the role functioning aspect, which refers to skill development for breastfeeding; and the interdependence aspect, which describes how mothers become acquainted and exchange emotions with infants and receive social support for breastfeeding [10]. Breastfeeding adaptation is thought to be associated with attachment, but no definitive evidence for this yet exists.…”

Relationship between Postpartum Depression and Breastfeeding Adaptation among Lactating Mothers

“…Breastfeeding is the interaction between the mother"s behavior of breastfeeding and infant"s behavior of taking the breast in which demands of both the mother and infant must be satisfied for continuous breastfeeding to take place [8]. Thus, the mother and infant are both important subjects of breastfeeding that effective and continuous breastfeeding can be expected through breastfeeding adaptation between the mother and infant.…”

Effects of Breast-Feeding Adaptation and Quality of Sleep on Postpartum Depression in Puerperal Women

“…그 밖에 산 후우울과 관련된 요인으로 모유수유 적응, 수면의 질, 출산 주수, 분만 횟수, 아기에 대한 만족 등이 보고되었다 Kim & Hur, 2014;Yeo, 2006). 모유수유 적응이란 모유수유하는 어머니와 아기가 생리 적, 자아개념, 역할 기능, 상호의존 양상에 있어서 적응하 는 과정이자 결과를 말한다 (Kim, 2009). 즉 모유수유 적응 은 산후기간에 따라 변화하는 과정이므로 모유수유 적응을 돕기 위해서는 산욕기간에 따라 발생하는 모유수유 적응의 어려움을 확인하는 것이 필요하다 (Kim, 2009).…”

“…모유수유 적응이란 모유수유하는 어머니와 아기가 생리 적, 자아개념, 역할 기능, 상호의존 양상에 있어서 적응하 는 과정이자 결과를 말한다 (Kim, 2009). 즉 모유수유 적응 은 산후기간에 따라 변화하는 과정이므로 모유수유 적응을 돕기 위해서는 산욕기간에 따라 발생하는 모유수유 적응의 어려움을 확인하는 것이 필요하다 (Kim, 2009). 산후우울 과 모유수유와의 선행연구 관계를 고찰해 보면 두 변수간 의 인과관계의 방향성에 견해를 달리하고 있다.…”