Development of a CdCl2 thermal treatment process for improving CdS/CdTe ultrathin solar cells

Obtention of solar cell parameters, through convergence of iterative cycles. Part 1: Theoretical analysis and cycles proposal

“…Both 𝑅 𝑠ℎ and 𝐼 lig are three orders of magnitude larger than 𝑅 𝑠 and 𝐼 sat , respectively, which is usually the case found in second generation solar cells [14,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]. The value of 𝑛 was chosen 𝑛 = 2.5, which is a value in the range of 2 to 3, which is also the usual case found in second generation solar cells [14,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54]. Values of 𝑃 𝑉 of 11, 21, 51 and 101 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑉 were tested, to obtain the optimal 𝑃 𝑉 that yields reasonable solar cell parameters.…”

“…These simulations were done on the [0 V, 1 V] range, using the same C program reported in [2] . Laboratory fabricated solar cells usually function in this voltage range [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . Briefly, the C program solved equation 1 in [2] within an accuracy of 10 −15 A for each voltage.…”

“…For simplicity purposes and to facilitate comparison with the deduced solar parameters, all simulation parameters (except n ) were chosen as power of 10, i.e., the simulation parameters were , , mA and μA. Both and are three orders of magnitude larger than and , respectively, which is usually the case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . The value of n was chosen , which is a value in the range of 2 to 3, which is also the usual case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] ,…”

“…Both and are three orders of magnitude larger than and , respectively, which is usually the case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . The value of n was chosen , which is a value in the range of 2 to 3, which is also the usual case found in second generation solar cells [14] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] . Values of of 11, 21, 51 and 101 were tested, to obtain the optimal …”

Current Status of the Open-Circuit Voltage of Kesterite CZTS Absorber Layers for Photovoltaic Applications—Part I, a Review

“…They found that by increasing the Cu/(Zn + Sn) ratio from 0.8 to 1.2 while keeping the Zn/Sn constant, the direct bandgap energy of the CZTS absorber decreased from 1.72 eV to 1.53 eV. The best performances reported by the authors were a conversion efficiency of 4.13% and V OC = 700 mV on a glass/Mo/CZTS/CdS/ZnO:Al/Al solar cell fabricated by using Cu/(Zn + Sn) = 1.1 [ 59 , 60 , 61 ].…”