Development of a CFD Model to Study the Hydrodynamic Characteristics and the Soot Deposition Mechanism on the Porous Wall of a Diesel Particulate Filter

Multiphase and multiphysics particle in cell simulation of soot deposition inside a diesel particulate filter single channel

“…These results are in agreement with the theory of the particulate filters and demonstrate the correctness of the implementation of the fluid dynamic model according to [5,13], and [24].…”

“…The most part of them are based on the original fluid dynamic model proposed by E. Bissett [4]. Other models consider also the description of the soot particles motion [5] and the influence of the microstructure of the ceramic substrate on the particle deposition phenomena [6]. Many efforts have been devoted to the prediction of the filter performances in terms of pressure drop across the monolith and regeneration process evolution [7].…”

A novel 1D approach for the simulation of unsteady reacting flows in diesel exhaust after-treatment systems

“…(5), which expresses the production/destruction rate of the jth specie during the transport, are determined on the basis of the rates of reactions occurring in the DPF. The code is configured to transport 13 gas species (O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 , H 2 O, H 2 , CO, NO, C 3 H 6 , C 3 H 8 ) and the soot, which has been modeled by solid carbon C. By considering the soot as a solid specie transported with the gas, the underlying assumption to neglect any relative motion between the particles and the flow has been taken; this is consistent with the results of the CFD simulations [2], which showed that Stokes numbers of the particles are very low through the channels. In the internal nodes of the channels, the system of conservation equations is a quasi-linear hyperbolic problem, which can be solved by means of shockcapturing numerical methods: in the performed simulations, symmetric finite difference techniques with second order accuracy, such as the MacCormack predictor-corrector method and the twostep Lax-Wendroff method (with the addition of flux-limiting techniques) have been used.…”

“…The 3D approach used for the validation of the 1D approach proposed in this paper is based on the use of the KIVA3V CFD code, that has been extended to solve the conservation equations in porous media materials, to account for the sticking of particles on a porous surface and to evaluate the increasing resistance to the flow as the soot inside the trap accumulates [1,2]. Since KIVA is already configured to track Lagrangian particles in the flow, these were modified to represent soot particles.…”

“…The most detailed results may be achieved by three dimensional CFD simulation, which can keep track of the soot particles through the filter channel by a Lagrangian approach, as shown in previous publications [1,2]. A 3D approach may provide very detailed information but, on the other hand, the computational time may be high.…”