“…25, 26 Similarly, alternate methods to modulate the flow of reporters through the strip have been proposed, including electrophoresis, 27 isotachophoresis, 28 and flow delay. 29 Finally, proposed ultrasensitive readouts include volumetric magnetization, 30, 31 near-infrared detection, 32 surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, 33 fluorescence, 34, 35 chemiluminescence, 9, 36 phosphorescence 37 , and thermal contrast. 38 In addition, much recent work has focused on smartphone-compatible readouts 39, 40 that are suitable for settings lacking sophisticated laboratory infrastructure or instrumentation.…”