Development of a coagglutination kit as a rapid test for diagnosing Newcastle disease in poultry

Abstract

Background and Aim: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral infection that causes high mortality and economic loss in the poultry industry. The Office International des Epizooties (OIE) recommends several diagnostic methods for the detection of ND, including isolation and molecular tests. However, these detection methods are time-consuming and highly expensive. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a coagglutination kit as a novel diagnostic tool for ND in the poultry industry. Materials and Methods: Two adult male New Zealand White rabbits weighing 2.5 kg were vaccinated using ND life vaccine intraperitoneally. The vaccination was conducted once a week for 4 weeks with multilevel doses. Rabbits' serum was collected at week 6 and inactivated at 56°C for 30 min. The serum was precipitated using ammonium sulfate and reacted with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus to produce the agglutination kit for detecting ND virus. A total of 25 chickens suspected with ND infection from a local poultry farm in Yogyakarta were used as the test samples. The chickens were necropsied, and the brain, spleen, lung, intestine, and feces were collected. Half of these organs were subjected to tests using the coagglutination kit and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The other half was processed for histopathology. Data were analyzed qualitatively. Results: Of the 25 samples, 13 (52%) were positive for ND infection when tested using both the ND coagglutination kit and RT-PCR. The positive samples also exhibited several histopathological changes, including perivascular cuffing surrounding the cerebral blood-brain barrier, hemorrhagic pneumonia, splenitis, and necrotic hemorrhage enteritis. Conclusion: This study confirmed that the ND coagglutination kit could be used as a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of ND virus infection in the poultry industry.

Production of Newcastle Disease Polyclonal Antibody as the Alternative of Immunohistochemistry Primary Antibody against Newcastle Disease in Poultry

“…The previous study described that utilization of polyclonal antibody produced by rabbit vaccination could be used as coagglutination kit with high sensitivity for diagnosing ND in poultry (Naf'an et al, 2020) and diagnosing viral nervous necrosis in fish (Sulistiyono et al, 2020). The findings of the present study indicated that ND polyclonal antibodies produced by vaccination can be used as the primary polyclonal antibody in chickens' tissue staining.…”

Rapid Naked-Eye Detection of a Liver Disease Biomarker by Discovering Its Monoclonal Antibody to Functionalize Engineered Red-Colored Bacteria Probes

“…Briefly, S. aureus was incubated using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) and thermally treated at 65 °C for 30 min to reach an unculturable red-fluorescent state. − The anti-GCA mAb was conjugated onto the red-colored S. aureus by the binding between the Fc fragment of the mAb and protein A on S.…”

Analysis of a Fragment of the Fusion Gene for Newcastle Disease by DNA Sequencing

“…When designing an RT-PCR technique, it's crucial to keep in mind a number of critical processes. A first step is the isolation of RNA (Naf'an et al, 2020). Using polymerase enzymes, PCR works on the premise that it can simultaneously amplify and distinguish between many target nucleic acids.…”

“…However, the viruses of interest in this research contain RNA as their nucleic acid, thus PCR cannot be used. Since viral RNA serves as a template for reverse transcription, a particular Alyaa Mohson Reda, et al: Analysis of a Fragment of the Fusion Gene for Newcastle Disease by DNA Sequencing oligonucleotide primer and viral RNA must be used to generate single-stranded complementary DNA (cDNA) (Naf'an et al, 2020). Due to the rapid turnaround time, molecular methods have become more popular for identifying NDV infection.…”