Development of a conceptual framework for evaluation of nanomaterials release from nanocomposites: Environmental and toxicological implications

Ging, James; Tejerina-Anton, Raul; Ramakrishnan, Girish; Nielsen, Mark; Murphy, Kyle Robert; Gorham, Justin M.; Nguyen, Tinh; Orlov, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.135

Cited by 70 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our results are consistent with other studies which investigated in vitro or in vivo toxicity of sanding dust from paint containing nanoparticles (NanoTiO 2 and nano silica) (Wohlleben et al, 2011;Saber et al, 2012a, b;Kaiser et al, 2013) or from CNTs containing polymer composites Wohlleben et al, 2013;Ging et al, 2014;Schlagenhauf et al, 2015;Saber et al, 2016;Civardi et al, 2016). For example, Ging et al (2014) demonstrated that the survival of Drosophila was reduced at each dose tested with free amine functionalized CNTs, while there was no toxicity when these CNTs were embedded in epoxy.…”

Section: Cell Viabilitysupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, Ging et al (2014) demonstrated that the survival of Drosophila was reduced at each dose tested with free amine functionalized CNTs, while there was no toxicity when these CNTs were embedded in epoxy. Wohlleben et al (2013) showed that there were no cytotoxic effects of Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with or without CNTs on lung tissue in vitro.…”

Section: Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Releases from transparent blue automobile coatings containing nanoscale copper phthalocyanine and their effects on J774 A1 macrophages

et al. 2017

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A B S T R A C TNanoscale copper phthalocyanine (n-CuPc) is a pigment widely used in paints to enhance automobile coatings and to make colors transparent and more appealing to users. Despite the benefits, n-CuPc can potentially be released into the environment and pose risks in occupational settings. Assessing the toxicity of released n-CuPccontaining fragments is thus important for the acceptance of n-CuPc products. This paper presents the first combined study addressing both the release of n-CuPc-containing fragments from commercial coatings in realistic occupational situations and the hazard of the released fragments using a macrophage model.Sanding was used to produce fragments from automobile coatings with n-CuPc as well as from a reference coating with the same matrix composition but without n-CuPc. Size distribution and agglomeration of these fragments in Rosewell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) cell culture medium was studied before conducting a battery of cytotoxicity experiments. Cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were conducted and particle localization within cells was analyzed.The results show similar size and number distribution of fragments when comparing the reference and n-CuPc fragments. The n-CuPc fragments showed higher agglomeration in RPMI than pristine n-CuPc. We found that toxicity of the n-CuPc fragments and reference materials was similar (EC 50 Frag n-CuPc = 242.9 μg ml − 1 ; EC 50Frag Refer = 241.6 μg ml − 1 ) and below the toxicity of pristine n-CuPc (EC 50 n-CuPc = 151.1 μg ml). The results demonstrated that embedding n-CuPc in matrix used in automobile coatings reduced the toxicity and release when n-CuPc is used in paints. Our finding can be used to support design of n-CuPc-enabled products used in automobile applications.

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Section: Cell Viabilitysupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Cell Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Releases from transparent blue automobile coatings containing nanoscale copper phthalocyanine and their effects on J774 A1 macrophages

et al. 2017

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“…Fibre-reinforced composites often require reworking by machining such as sanding, sawing, grinding or drilling to obtain the final product with the process producing dust in the respirable size range (Midtgard and Jelnes, 1991;Bello et al, 2009;Bello et al, 2010;Cena and Peters, 2011). Recently, the development of advanced composites that utilize engineered nanomaterials raised a concern that workers machining nanocomposites are exposed to airborne particulate matter including individual engineered nanoparticles (see e.g., Thostenson et al, 2005;Ging et al, 2014;Kingston et al, 2014). The first laboratory studies found that sanding of fibre-reinforced composites as well as sanding machinery emits high amounts of nanoparticles (Zimmer & Maynard, 2002;Koponen et al, 2009;Gomez et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Assessment of Particulate Matter from Abrasive Treatment of Carbon and Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy-Composites - Two Case Studies

Jensen

Levin

Koivisto

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The use of composites is ever increasing due to their important structural and chemical features. The composite component production often involves high energy grinding and sanding processes to which emissions workers are potentially exposed. In this study we investigated the machining of carbon and glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composite materials at two facilities. We measured particle number concentrations and size distributions of the released material in near field and far field during sanding of glass-and carbon fibre-reinforced composites. We assessed the means of reducing exposure during the work by means of different working style, local exhaust ventilation, and enclosing the process area. Machining processes released particles primarily in < 100 nm size range. Without enclosure, process particle concentrations were 3.9 × 10 4 cm -3 in the near field and 1.3 × 10 4 cm -3 in the far field. Therefore workers in the same area may not be aware of being exposed to the process particles and the need of wearing protective outfits. Comparison of workers working style and effect on near field particle concentrations showed that a careless working style increased particle concentrations of 1.1% and 14.1% when comparing with a careful working style. Investigating the effect of the local exhaust ventilation showed that a maximum flow rate caused removal of close to 100% of particles from the working zone. A 28% reduction in the flow rate reduced particle removal efficiency more than 50%. With the enclosure around the process area, the process particle concentrations were 1.7 × 10 6 cm -3 in the near field, while the concentration in the far field was negligible. The enclosure used was shown to provide an average protection factor of more than 100.

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“…MWCNTs are one nanofiller of concern for potential environmental and/or human health effects due to its high aspect ratio [7, 19–24]. There have been a number of studies conducted to date on release of MWCNTs due to mechanical stresses (e.g., abrasion, sanding, polishing) [1, 23, 25–35], yet fewer on the fate and release caused by environmental stresses [14, 17, 23, 31, 32, 36]. Recent studies on the potential toxicological effects of materials released from MWCNT nanocomposites have not shown increased toxicity compared to particles released from the polymer matrix under the environmental conditions tested [14, 23, 32, 33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been a number of studies conducted to date on release of MWCNTs due to mechanical stresses (e.g., abrasion, sanding, polishing) [1, 23, 25–35], yet fewer on the fate and release caused by environmental stresses [14, 17, 23, 31, 32, 36]. Recent studies on the potential toxicological effects of materials released from MWCNT nanocomposites have not shown increased toxicity compared to particles released from the polymer matrix under the environmental conditions tested [14, 23, 32, 33]. While release of individual MWCNT from nanocomposites has been detected in a few studies after abrasion [23, 30, 33] or sanding [29], most studies have not found detectable MWCNT release by exposures to weathering environments [13, 25–28, 31, 32, 35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of UV irradiation on multiwall carbon nanotubes in nanocomposites: Formation of entangled surface layer and mechanisms of release resistance

Nguyen

Petersen

Pellegrin

et al. 2017

Carbon

Self Cite

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Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are nanofillers used in consumer and structural polymeric products to enhance a variety of properties. Under weathering, the polymer matrix will degrade and the nanofillers may be released from the products potentially impacting ecological or human health. In this study, we investigated the degradation of a 0.72 % (by mass) MWCNT/amine-cured epoxy nanocomposite irradiated with high intensity ultraviolet (UV) light at various doses, the effects of UV exposure on the surface accumulation and potential release of MWCNTs, and possible mechanisms for the release resistance of the MWCNT surface layer formed on nanocomposites by UV irradiation. Irradiated samples were characterized for chemical degradation, mass loss, surface morphological changes, and MWCNT release using a variety of analytical techniques. Under 295 nm to 400 nm UV radiation up to a dose of 4865 MJ/m2, the nanocomposite matrix underwent photodegradation, resulting in formation of a dense, entangled MWCNT network structure on the surface. However, no MWCNT release was detected, even at very high UV doses, suggesting that the MWCNT surface layer formed from UV irradiation of polymer nanocomposites resist release. Four possible release resistance mechanisms of the UV-induced MWCNT surface layer are presented and discussed.

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Development of a conceptual framework for evaluation of nanomaterials release from nanocomposites: Environmental and toxicological implications

Cited by 70 publications

References 50 publications

Releases from transparent blue automobile coatings containing nanoscale copper phthalocyanine and their effects on J774 A1 macrophages

Releases from transparent blue automobile coatings containing nanoscale copper phthalocyanine and their effects on J774 A1 macrophages

Exposure Assessment of Particulate Matter from Abrasive Treatment of Carbon and Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy-Composites - Two Case Studies

Impact of UV irradiation on multiwall carbon nanotubes in nanocomposites: Formation of entangled surface layer and mechanisms of release resistance

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