Development of a DDT-Tolerant Strain of Laboratory Mice

Heritable Adaptation and Fitness Costs in Killifish (Fundulus Heteroclitus) Inhabiting a Polluted Estuary

“…Published studies of naturally occurring vertebrate populations that exhibit a heritable (here defined as heritable for one generation, due to the paucity of multigenerational studies) trait of resistance to local pollutants include rodents exposed to warfarin (an anticoagulant rodenticide) (Greaves andAyres 1967, Partridge 1979;summarized in MacNicoll 1986); mosquitofish exposed to principally organochlorine insecticides but in some cases displaying varying degrees of resistance to organochlorine, organophosphorus, and pyrethroid insecticides (Boyd and Ferguson 1964a, b, Fabacher and Chambers 1973, Andreasen 1985; killifish exposed to a mixture of chemicals including a high level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (Nacci et al 1999); killifish exposed to a mixture of chemicals including high levels of methylmercury (Weis et al 2001); and killifish exposed to a mixture of contaminants including a gradient of concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (Ownby et al 2002). In a few cases, laboratory selection experiments have also produced resistant vertebrate populations, including mice (Ozburn and Morrison 1962), mosquitofish (Ferguson 1967), and fathead minnows (Diamond et al 1995). Another approach to demonstrating a genetic component of a resistant phenotype is to examine specific genetic markers in resistant and reference populations (although it is not always known if the markers are causally related to the resistant trait).…”

Environmental Endocrine Disruption of Brain and Behavior

“…The genetics of endocrine systems has been demonstrated repeatedly in selection studies and has been extended to sensitivity to EDCs. For example, Ozburn and Morrison (1962) produced o,p'-DDT (DDT)-tolerant mice after eight generations of selection, and Poonacha et al (1973) fed selected lines of quail a diet containing 200 ppm of DDT during the quails' first 30 days of life. The development of resistance was evident after the third generation of selection, as indicated by lower mortality among the selected lines when compared to a control line that was fed DDT.…”

Residue Reviews / Rückstands-Berichte

“…A DDT -tolerant strain of laboratory mice has been produced by selection pressure utilizing DDT-treatment of each successive generation (OZBURN and MORRISON 1962). For the ninth selected generation the intraperitoneal LD50 of DDT was 1.7 times as great as for the original stock.…”