Development of a Digital Cone Index Measuring Device

Lee, Kyou-Seung; Lee, Dong‐Hoon; Cho, Yong-Jin; Chung, Sun-Ok; Park, Wonyeop; Noh, Kwang-Mo; Chang, Young-Chang

doi:10.5307/jbe.2010.35.6.387

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To collect more CI data, a digital soil cone index measuring device was developed for replacing the conventional analog device (Lee et al, 2010). Because it is difficult to collect enough penetrometer data to adequately describe within-field compaction variations, several on-the-go, horizontally-operating soil strength sensors have been developed (Hall and Raper, 2005;Chung et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Real-Time Measurement System for Horizontal Soil Strength

Cho

Lee

Park

et al. 2015

Journal of Biosystems Engineering

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Purpose: Accurate monitoring of soil strength is a key technology applicable to various precision agricultural practices. Soil strength has been traditionally measured using a cone penetrometer, which is time-consuming and expensive, making it difficult to obtain the spatial data required for precision agriculture. To improve the current, inefficient method of measuring soil strength, our objective was to develop and evaluate an in-situ system that could measure horizontal soil strength in real-time, while moving across a soil bin. Methods: Multiple cone-shape penetrometers were horizontally assembled at the front of a vertical plow blade at intervals of 5 cm. Each penetrometer was directly connected to a load cell, which measured loads of 0-2.54 kN. In order to process the digital signals from every individual transducer concurrently, a microcontroller was embedded into the measurement system. Wireless data communication was used between a data storage device and this real-time horizontal soil strength (RHSS) measurement system travelling at 0.5 m/s through an indoor experimental soil bin. The horizontal soil strength index (HSSI) measured by the developed system was compared with the cone index (CI) measured by a traditional cone penetrometer. Results: The coefficient of determination between the CI and the HSSI at depths of 5 cm and 10 cm (r 2 = 0.67 and 0.88, respectively) were relatively less than those measured below 20 cm (r 2 ≥ 0.93). Additionally, the measured HSSIs were typically greater than the CIs for a given numbers of compactor operations. For an all-depth regression, the coefficient of determination was 0.94, with a RMSE of 0.23. Conclusions: A HSSI measurement system was evaluated in comparison with the conventional soil strength measurement system, CI. Further study is needed, in the form of field tests, on this real-time measurement and control system, which would be applied to precision agriculture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Real-Time Measurement System for Horizontal Soil Strength

Cho

Lee

Park

et al. 2015

Journal of Biosystems Engineering

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“…To overcome the limits in terms of time, labor, and cost consumption in manual measurement, a digital soil CI measuring device was developed to replace the conventional analog-type device (Lee et al, 2010). To collect sufficient CI data from various field within a limited time, several on-the-go soil-strength sensor (OSSS) have been developed (Hall and Raper, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Test of a Real-Time Measurement System for Horizontal Soil Strength in the Field

Cho

Lee

Park

et al. 2016

Journal of Biosystems Engineering

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Purpose: Soil strength has been measured using a cone penetrometer, which is making it difficult to obtain the spatial data required for precision agriculture. Our objectives were to evaluate real-time horizontal soil strength (RHSS) to measure soil strength in real time while moving across the field. Using the RHSS data, the tillage depth was determined, and the power consumption of a tractor and rotavators were compared. Methods: The horizontal soil-strength index (HSSI) obtained by the RHSS was compared with the cone index (CI), which was measured using a cone penetrometer. Comparison analysis in accordance with the measurement depth that increased at 5-cm interval was conducted using kriged maps at six sensing depths. For tillage control and evaluation of the power consumption, the system was installed with a potentiometer for tillage depth, a torque sensor from the rear axle, and a power take-off (PTO) shaft. Results: The HSSI was lower than the CI, but they were the same at 54.81% of the total grids for the 5-cm depth and at 3.85% for the 10-cm depth. In accordance with the recommended tillage map, tillage operations between 0 and 15 cm left 2.3% and 7% residue cover on the soil, and that between 20 and 10 cm covered a wider utilization of 3% and 18.4%, respectively. When the tillage depth was 15 cm, the comparison result of the power requirements between the PTO and rear axle in terms of control performance revealed that the maximum power requirements of the axle and PTO were 44.63 and 23.24 kW, respectively. Conclusions: An HSSI measurement system was evaluated by comparison with the conventional soil strength measurement system (CI) and applied to a tractor to compare the tillage power consumption. Further study is needed on its application to various farm works using a tractor for precision agriculture.

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Design of Motor-driven Traveling System for High Clearance Working Machinery based on Tractive Performance and Hill Climbing Ability

Lee¹,

Jang²,

Kim³

et al. 2016

The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and

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In this study, an optimal design for motor-driven track type traveling system applied into high clearance working machineries in orchard is proposed. Tractive performance and hill climbing ability were predicted and evaluated for the optimal motor traveling system by taking into account of soil characteristics in orchard utilizing the high clearance working machineries. Design criteria for tractive performance were based on the traction force calculated from tractive effort subtracted by motion resistance, while hill climbing ability had its design criteria that fulfill the climbing 20% slope ground at a speed of 3km/h. Based on the evaluation results of traction and climbing ability, two DC48V, 4500rpm, 1.6kW AC motors were independently applied to both left and right side of orbits; each motor is designed to transmit power on driving sprocket of track type traveling system via 50:1 reduction gear ratio. The motor-driven track type traveling system developed in the study found to have 396 kgf of tractive force, which is 12.5% higher than climbing resistance at orchard soil having 20% slope ground (352 kgf), demonstrating sufficient tractive performance and hill climbing ability.

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Development of a Digital Cone Index Measuring Device

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Development of a Real-Time Measurement System for Horizontal Soil Strength

Development of a Real-Time Measurement System for Horizontal Soil Strength

Performance Test of a Real-Time Measurement System for Horizontal Soil Strength in the Field

Design of Motor-driven Traveling System for High Clearance Working Machinery based on Tractive Performance and Hill Climbing Ability

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