Development of a dual approach to assess powder flow from avalanching behavior

Lee, Yvonne S. L.; Poynter, R; Podczeck, Fridrun; Newton, JM

doi:10.1208/pt010321

Cited by 44 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Four types of flow motion could be used to describe powder avalanches: "rolling", "slumping", "slipping" and "cataracting" in descending order of good flowability (18). MCC-A was found to exhibit a mixture of slumping and slipping during avalanches while MCC-B was often seen to slump in portions.…”

Section: Flow Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Small Pores in Microcrystalline Cellulose for Controlling Water Distribution during Extrusion–Spheronization

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of particle size on the wet massing behavior of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). In this study, a series of six fractionated MCC grades were customized and specially classified to yield different particle size varieties of the standard grade, Comprecel M101. All seven MCC grades were extensively characterized for the physical properties and wet massing behavior using mixer torque rheometry. Effects of MCC physical properties on the maximum torque (Torque max ) were determined using partial least squares (PLS) analysis. Most physical properties varied systematically with particle size and morphological changes. Marked differences were observed in the small pore volumes (V highP ) and BET surface areas of the MCC grades. Variables that exerted dominant influences on Torque max were identified. In particular, the significance of V highP in governing wet mass consistency was established. The role of V highP has not been reported in any study because this small but significant variation is likely to be obliterated or compensated by variation in other physical properties from MCC grades from different suppliers. The findings demonstrated the role of small pores in governing the wet mass consistency of MCC and provide a better understanding of MCC's superior performance as a spheronization aid by the ability to fulfill the function as a molecular sponge to facilitate pellet formation during wet granulation processes.

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Section: Flow Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Small Pores in Microcrystalline Cellulose for Controlling Water Distribution during Extrusion–Spheronization

et al. 2008

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“…Widely used direct methods include hopper flow rate method (in which the rate at which powder discharges from a hopper is measured) and recording flowmeter. Furthermore, a number of special direct techniques to study avalanching in powders have been described (9)(10)(11)(12). Indirect methods include, e.g., angles of repose, shear cell determinations (5,8,11,13,14), and measurements of critical orifice diameter (10,(15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a New Method to Get a Reliable Powder Flow Characteristics Using Only 1 to 2 g of Powder

et al. 2010

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Abstract. In powder technology, it is often important to directly measure real powder flow rate from a small amount of powder. For example, in pharmaceutical industry, a frequent problem is to determine powder flow properties of new active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an early stage of the development when the amount of API is limited. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new direct method to measure powder flow when the material is poorly flowing (cohesive) and the amount of material is about 1 to 2 g. The measuring system was simple, consisting of a flow chamber and electronic balance and an automated optical detection system, and for each measurement, only 1 to 2 g of sample was required. Based on the results obtained with this testing method, three selected sugar excipients, three grades of microcrystalline cellulose, and APIs (caffeine, carbamazepine, and paracetamol) can be classified as freely flowing, intermediate flowing, and poorly flowing powders, respectively. The average relative standard deviation for the flow time determinations was not more than 2-10%. The present novel flowability testing method provides a new tool for a rapid determination of flowing characteristics of powders (e.g., inhalation powders) and granules at a small scale.

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“…Moreover, the existence of mois- ture within the porous structure of AV acts as an internal lubricant which facilitates slippage and flow within the individual microcrystals during plastic deformation and enforces the formation of hydrogen bond bridges and gives AV a very good hardness. [38][39][40] On the other hand, the lowest hardness was observed within tablets F9 (1.800±0.05 kg/cm Table 3). The solubility of SP.D.L in aqueous media could account for the fastest D.T.…”

Section: Physical Characteristics Of At Matrix Tabletsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Polyvinyl Acetate–Polyvinylpyrrolidone Mixture for the Development of Atenolol Sustained Release Matrix Tablets: Optimization of Formulation through <i>in Vitro</i>–<i>in Vivo</i> Assessment Study

2017

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The objective of this study was to develop sustained release matrix tablets of atenolol (AT) using different concentrations of polyvinyl acetate-polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture (KSR) (20, 30, or 40%) with various types of fillers such as spray dried lactose (SP.D.L), avicel pH 101 (AV), and emcompress (EMS). The physical characteristics of the prepared tablets were evaluated. Characterization of the optimized formulation was performed using Fourier transform (FT)-IR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the in vitro release profiles of AT formulations were investigated in different pH dissolution media. Drug release kinetics and mechanisms were also determined. The results revealed that there was no potential incompatibility of the drug with the polymer. The release profiles of AT were affected by the concentration of KSR, fillers used, and pH of the dissolution media. The drug release kinetic from most of the formulations obeyed Higuchi diffusion model. The selected formulae were investigated for their stability by storage at 30 and 40°C with atmospheric humidity and 75% relative humidity (RH), respectively. The results demonstrated that no change in the physicochemical properties of the tablets stored at 30°C/atmospheric RH in comparison with some changes at 40°C/75% RH. Finally, the in vivo study provided an evidence that the optimized AT tablet containing 40% KSR and SP.D.L exhibited prominent higher oral bioavailability and more efficient sustained-release effect than the drug alone or the commercial tablet product. It is noteworthy that KSR could be considered as a promising useful release retardant for the production of AT sustained release matrix tablets.Key words polyvinyl acetate-polyvinylpyrrolidone mixture; atenolol; sustained; tablet; stability; bioavailability Atenolol (AT) is a selective β1 receptor blocker that decreases blood pressure primarily by reducing cardiac output. It may also reduce sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system (CNS) and prevent the release of renal renin, thus reducing angiotensin II formation and aldosterone secretion. 1)About 50% of an oral dose of AT is absorbed. Peak plasma concentrations are reached in 2 to 4 h. The plasma half-life is about 6 to 7 h. AT has little or no hepatic metabolism and the renal system is considered the main site of its excretion. 2)Administration of conventional tablets of AT has been reported to show fluctuations in the plasma drug concentration leading to the increase in its side effects or decrease in its concentration at receptor site. [3][4][5] To overcome such problems, sustained release matrix tablets containing AT were developed in order to maintain proper blood level for a long time without fluctuation. [6][7][8]

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Development of a dual approach to assess powder flow from avalanching behavior

Cited by 44 publications

References 20 publications

Importance of Small Pores in Microcrystalline Cellulose for Controlling Water Distribution during Extrusion–Spheronization

Importance of Small Pores in Microcrystalline Cellulose for Controlling Water Distribution during Extrusion–Spheronization

Development of a New Method to Get a Reliable Powder Flow Characteristics Using Only 1 to 2 g of Powder

Potential Use of Polyvinyl Acetate–Polyvinylpyrrolidone Mixture for the Development of Atenolol Sustained Release Matrix Tablets: Optimization of Formulation through <i>in Vitro</i>–<i>in Vivo</i> Assessment Study

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