“…More precisely, Table 1 lists the vision-based approaches with their contributions, sensors, and real-time performance, and the most popular method is the optic flow, which is used by bees. The vision-based applications include transport [ 9 , 18 , 39 , 46 , 50 , 60 ], exploration [ 8 , 19 , 24 , 26 , 40 , 41 , 45 , 49 ], tracking and assist [ 31 , 56 , 58 ], security and surveillance [ 7 , 52 ], homing and searching [ 5 , 54 , 55 ], floor cleaning [ 6 , 43 ], and search and rescue [ 44 ]. Only 43.75% of the cited papers indicate they can operate in real time, which is achieved by processing or computation speed, minimal computation load, or predefined parameters.…”