Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Lower Extremity for Analyses of Automotive Crash Injuries

Iwamoto, Masami; Tamura, Atsutaka; Furusu, Katsuya; Kato, Chihiro; Miki, Kazuo; Hasegawa, Junji; Yang, King H.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-0621

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In the last few decades, finite element HBMs have been developed with a detailed representation of the geometries and mechanical properties of the human body structures. These models typically started out as average sized male models, for example: the Total HUman Model for Safety (THUMS) (Iwamoto et al 2002; Iwamoto and Nakahira 2015) and the Global Human Model Consortium (Gayzik et al 2011; Vavalle 2012). These models have recently been developed into a small female and a large male version to represent a wider occupant height and weight range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road safety: the average male as a norm in vehicle occupant crash safety assessment

Linder

Svensson

2019

Interdisciplinary Science Reviews

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This review addresses how women and men are represented in regulatory tests conducted to assess adult occupant safety in vehicles. Injury statistics show that protection in the event of a crash is lower for females than males. Still, vehicle crash safety assessment for adult occupants is only using the average sized male to represent the entire adult population, while the average sized female is not represented. In order to enable car manufacturers and road safety regulators to safeguard that females benefit equally from crash safety measures as males, it is necessary to develop new dedicated occupant models. These new models must represent the female part of the population, i.e. crash test dummies and human body models representing the average female. New female models would, together with their male equivalents, make it possible to identify the vehicle occupant safety systems which provide the best safety features for both females and males.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Road safety: the average male as a norm in vehicle occupant crash safety assessment

Linder

Svensson

2019

Interdisciplinary Science Reviews

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“…Particularly, finer meshes are required in critical areas, such as contact interfaces, high-stress gradient areas, and other critical regions of interest 53 . For example, some previous studies modeled skull, brain, and CSF 21, 24 with coarse meshes and hexahedral elements to run their models with available computing power; however, they sacrificed important anatomical details of head structures (such as brain sulci and gyri structure or finer details of the cranium surface). Thereby, they failed to capture comprehensive details of the head responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As modeling these head-neck structures with their detailed geometric and mechanical characterizations is a time-, labor-, and technology-intensive challenging task, only a handful of researchers have attempted to create complete, sophisticated head-neck FE models. Notably, the global human body model consortium 16 and Total Human Model for Safety 21 models were developed to study head impact biomechanics in motor vehicle accidents. Although these models included many head-neck anatomical features, their two significant limitations are coarse meshing and simplistic geometry of complex head-neck structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Validation of an MRI-Derived Head-Neck Finite Element Model

Bahreinizad

Chowdhury

Wei

et al. 2023

Preprint

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This study aimed to develop a biofidel head-neck FE model comprised of scalp, skull, CSF, brain, dura mater, pia mater, cervical vertebrae and discs, 14 ligaments, and 42 neck muscles. We assessed the geometrical accuracies of all model structures. The model was validated by replicating three experimental studies: NBDL's high acceleration profile, Zhang's linear and rotational acceleration profiles, and Nahum's impact study. The results showed reasonable geometrical fidelity. The intracranial pressure and brain stress data of our head-only model (excluded neck structures and constrained the base of the skull) were similar to Nahum's and Zhang's reported results. As neck structures were not considered in Nahum's and Zhang's studies, the FE results of our head-neck model showed slight discrepancies. Notably, the addition of neck structures (head-neck model) reduced brain stress-strain values and uncovered the brain's intracranial pressure dynamics, which the head-only model failed to capture. Nevertheless, the FE simulation results showed a good agreement (r > 0.97) between the kinematic responses of our head-neck model and NBDL's experimental results. Therefore, the developed head-neck model can be used as a computational tool for an accurate and comprehensive understanding of the brain injury mechanism in various head impact scenarios.

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“…The human body FEM has become one of the most widely used human injury assessment tool in the eld of vehicle safety [6]. Therefore, numerous human body FEMs, including the H (Human) model, FHBM (Ford Human Body Model), THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety), GHBMC (Global Human Body Model Consortium) et al, have been developed [7][8][9][10]. The process of development for a human body FEM is very complicated and usually includes: 1. creation of human body geometric model from Computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Fast Methodology for Generating Skeletal FEM with Detailed Human Geometric Features based on CPD and RBF Algorithms

Yuan

Jiang

Zhang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Due to the significant effects of the human anatomical characteristics on the injury mechanism of passenger in traffic accidents, it is necessary to develop human body FEM (Finite Element Model) with detailed anatomical characteristics. However, traditional development of a human body FEM is an extremely complicated process. In particular, the meshing of human body is a huge and time-consuming project. In this paper, a new fast methodology based on CPD (Coherent Point Drift) and RBF (Radial Basis Function) was proposed to achieve the rapid developing the FEM of human bone with detailed anatomical characteristics. In this methodology, the mesh morphing technology based the RBF was used to generate FEM mesh in the geometry extracted from the target CT (Computed Tomography) data. In order to further improve the accuracy and speed of mesh morphing, the target geometric feature points required in the mesh morphing process were realized via the rapid and automatic generation based on the point-cloud registration technology of the CPD algorithm. Finally, this new methodology was used to generate a 3-year-old ribcage FEM consisting of a total of 27728 elements with mesh size 3–5 mm based on the THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) adult model. In the entire process of generating this new ribcage model, it only took about 2.7 seconds. The average error between the new FEM and target geometries was only about 2.7 mm. This indicated that the new FEM well described the detailed anatomical characteristics of target geometry, thus importantly revealing that the mesh quality of the new FEM was basically similar to that of source model.

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Development of a Finite Element Model of the Human Lower Extremity for Analyses of Automotive Crash Injuries

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

Road safety: the average male as a norm in vehicle occupant crash safety assessment

Road safety: the average male as a norm in vehicle occupant crash safety assessment

Development and Validation of an MRI-Derived Head-Neck Finite Element Model

A Fast Methodology for Generating Skeletal FEM with Detailed Human Geometric Features based on CPD and RBF Algorithms

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