“…WT noise has been extensively researched for decades [9,20]. Various strategies, including WTs blade modulation and performance regulation [21][22][23], accurate noise modelling [17,24,25], and strategic positioning of WTs away from residents [26][27][28][29][30], have been explored to mitigate the adverse noise impacts on nearby settlements. However, these measures often entail high costs, increase land wastage and compromise the energy output of wind farms.…”