Development of a high-speed two-colour system and its application to in-cylinder diesel combustion temperature and soot measurements with split injections

Diez, Alvaro; Zhao, Hua; Carrozzo, Tonio; Catania, Andrea; Spessa, Ezio

doi:10.1177/0954407011424547

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Fouling of the optical window may also influence the measured temperature and KL factor [35]. The impact is greater on KL than on temperature, as the KL factor is proportional to the radiative intensity while the temperature depends on the ratio of radiative intensities at two wavelengths [13]. For the two-colour pyrometry data reported here, the transmissivity of the optical window before and after each set of measurements was not measured.…”

Section: Sources Of Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measurement of flame temperature in low temperature diesel combustion engines is not widely reported with only a few studies known to the authors [11,12,13,14] with reported temperatures using two-colour pyrometry down to 1650 K. Most of the optical studies have been conducted on purpose built optical engines, where a Bowditch extended piston is combined with an optical window in the piston bowl to provide spatially resolved images. Such a nonrepresentative piston bowl will significantly impact the interaction between the diesel spray and the piston.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-Colour Pyrometry Measurements of Low-Temperature Combustion using Borescopic Imaging

Sarangi¹,

McTaggart-Cowan²,

Davy³

et al. 2021

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Low temperature combustion (LTC) of diesel fuel offers a path to low engine emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM), especially at low loads. Borescopic optical imaging offers insight into key aspects of the combustion process without significantly disrupting the engine geometry. To assess LTC combustion, two-colour pyrometry can be used to quantify local temperatures and soot concentrations (KL factor). High sensitivity photo-multiplier tubes (PMTs) can resolve natural luminosity down to low temperatures with adequate signal-to-noise ratios. In this work the authors present the calibration and implementation of a borescope-based system for evaluating low luminosity LTC using spatially resolved visible flame imaging and high-sensitivity PMT data to quantify the luminous-area average temperature and soot concentration for temperatures from 1350-2600 K. The visible flame area is used to adjust the PMT measurements to account for sooting area (i.e., the fraction of the region of interest that contains discernible flame/natural luminosity). The validity of the approach is assessed using spatially resolved temperature and soot concentration data collected from a full optical single-cylinder engine operating using non-premixed natural gas combustion, with soot concentrations similar to those seen in the LTC data. The high sensitivity and low noise of the PMTs, combined with the broad field of view of the borescope, and the proposed sooting area correction method, provide robust measurement of flame temperature and KL factor in low temperature and low-sooting combustion conditions. Whilst the sooting area correction is found to have only a small effect on the measured temperature, it is shown to be important to provide soot concentrations that are representative of spatially resolved results. This work provides new insights into the use of relatively low-cost, high sensitivity PMTs to assess advanced and low-emission combustion systems.

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Section: Sources Of Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Colour Pyrometry Measurements of Low-Temperature Combustion using Borescopic Imaging

Sarangi¹,

McTaggart-Cowan²,

Davy³

et al. 2021

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…Soot, once present within a flame, plays an important role in radiative heat transfer: 3,4 soot produces broadband incandescent radiation, which typically dominates over narrow-band radiation from intermolecular processes. Laser diagnostics measurements conducted in high-temperature, high-pressure combustion vessels [10][11][12][13][14] are typical tools capable of yielding detailed measurements of soot processes under diesel-like operation conditions. The combustion efficiency then tends to decrease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and computational investigation of temperature effects on soot mechanisms

Xiao

Qiao

et al. 2014

JSCS

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Effects of the initial ambient temperature on combustion and soot emission characteristics of diesel fuel were investigated through experiments conducted in an optical constant volume chamber and simulation using a phenomenological soot model. Four different initial ambient temperatures were adopted in this research: 1000, 900, 800 and 700 K. In order to obtain a better prediction of soot behavior, the phenomenological soot model was revised to take into account the feedback of soot oxidation on the soot number density and good agreement was observed in the comparison of soot measurement and prediction. The results indicated that the ignition delay was prolonged with decreasing initial ambient temperature. The heat release rate demonstrated the transition from mixing controlled combustion at high ambient temperatures to the premixed combustion mode at low ambient temperatures. At lower ambient temperatures, soot formation and the oxidation mechanism were both suppressed. However, the soot mass concentration was finally reduced with decreasing initial ambient temperature. Although the drop in ambient temperature did not cool the mean in-cylinder temperature during the combustion, it did shrink the total area of local high equivalence ratios, in which soot usually is rapidly generated. At an initial ambient temperature of 700 K, soot emissions were almost negligible, which indicates that sootless combustion might be achieved under super low initial temperature operation conditions.

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“…Recent studies on soot formation involved detailed analysis of the effect of alternative fuels [22][23][24][25][26][27], fuel injector nozzle design [28], fuel injection pressure [29,30], injection strategy [35,36], and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) [37][38][39]. Modifications of engine operating parameters through the application of the aforementioned techniques resulted in significant reduction in soot emission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Injection Timing on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of HSDI Diesel Engine

Dhahad¹,

Abdulhadi²,

Alfayydh³

et al. 2014

ETJ

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An attempt has been made to study the combustion and emission characteristics of ultra-low diesel fuel for high speed direct injection ( HSDI) diesel engine at different fuel injection timings( -12,-9,-6,-3,0 )ATDC . The fuel injection pressure was 800 bar and at high load ( 80Nm= 5BMAP) , low load ( 40Nm=2.5BMAP ) , With constant engine speed ( 1500rpm) . In-cylinder pressure was measured and then analyzes this pressure using LABVIWE program and calculation program in MATLAB software to extract the apparent heat release rate, the ignition delay, combustion duration and the amount of heat released during the premixed and diffusion combustion phases . The influence of injection timing on the exhaust emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THCs), nitric oxides (NOx), smoke number (SN) and fuel consumption were also investigated. A result referring to that the retardation of the injection timing lead to increase the ignition delay and therefore the premixed burn fraction which plays a key role in the combustion and emission characteristics .this leads to change combustion mode to low temperature combustion at late injection timing.

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Development of a high-speed two-colour system and its application to in-cylinder diesel combustion temperature and soot measurements with split injections

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Two-Colour Pyrometry Measurements of Low-Temperature Combustion using Borescopic Imaging

Two-Colour Pyrometry Measurements of Low-Temperature Combustion using Borescopic Imaging

Experimental and computational investigation of temperature effects on soot mechanisms

The Influence of Injection Timing on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of HSDI Diesel Engine

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