Development of a HPLC method to follow the degradation of phenol by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical treatment

Abstract

Descreve-se o desenvolvimento e validação de um método de CLAE para acompanhar a degradação de fenol por tratamento eletroquímico ou fotoeletroquímico. Este método, que permite a determinação das quantidades de fenol, p-benzoquinona e catecol em soluções eletrolisadas ou fotoeletrolisadas, foi usado para análise dos intermediários de reação durante a eletroxidação ou fotoeletroxidação de fenol. Foram usados como eletrodos, Ti-Pt/PbO 2 (obtido por método térmico-eletroquímico ou por eletrodeposição) ou Ti/TiO 2 dopado com Ga 3+ (obtido por decomposição térmica de sais precursores).The development and validation of a HPLC method to follow the degradation of phenol by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical treatment are described. This method, which allows determining amounts of phenol, p-benzoquinone and cathecol in electrolyzed or photoelectrolyzed solutions, was used for analysis of reaction intermediates during electrooxidation or photoelectrooxidation of phenol using a Ti-Pt/PbO 2 (obtained by thermalelectrochemical or electrodeposition methods) or Ti/TiO 2 doped with Ga 3+ (obtained by thermal decomposition of precursor salts) electrode.

Simultaneous Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim on a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode

“…The analytical column (150-mm length  4.6-mm diameter) used was packed with C18 nucleosil silica (5 mm, 100 ; MachereyNagel, Germany) by the ascending-slurry method, using methanol for both the preparation of the slurry (50 mL) and the packing. The packing was carried out at a pressure of 7500 psi and then the column was conditioned for about 4 h with methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min À1 [45]. .…”

Using toxicity testing to evaluate electrochemical reactor operations

“…Although various treatment strategies exist to treat phenols, electrochemistry is a promising new treatment method that numerous researchers have studied with various types of electrodes. Work has been done with titanium [5,6], platinum [7], glassy carbon [8], graphite [9], and boron-doped diamond (BDD) [10,11]. Interest in BDD electrochemistry has increased since the discovery that BDD has several advantages over other types of electrodes.…”

Electrochemical degradation of the reactive red 141 dye on a β-PbO2 anode assessed by the response surface methodology

“…4,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] According to the criteria discussed by Kapalka et al, 9 PbO 2 anodes could be classified as medium oxidation power anodes. In some cases, poor performance and problems like scaling and dissolution regarding Ti/PbO 2 electrodes were reported, 11,26 although these problems seem to be related to the substrate preparation.…”

“…Nevertheless, this anode in many instances has presented good performances in the degradation of organics, sometimes similar to that of a boron-doped diamond electrode. 4,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Classical and conventional methods of studying the influence of one variable at a time require a considerable number of experiments and are time consuming. Moreover, not all combinations of variables or all their levels are taken into account.…”