Development of a Hybrid FSO/RF System during Link Misalignment

Kiran, Kappala Vinod; Rathore, Shikha; Turuk, Ashok Kumar; Das, Santos Kumar

doi:10.1109/nana.2017.63

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The authors confirm that adding a backup RF backhaul link or providing a relay node with a physical layer buffer increases the reliability of a mixed system as the relay can store multiple received signals until the link returns to service again. [168] propose a hybrid FSO/RF communication system to provide reliable communication, especially when the link between transceivers is misaligned. The model consists of two media for transmission.…”

Section: Sendermentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

Aboelala

Lee

Chung

2022

Entropy

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Increased capacity, higher data rate, decreased latency, and better service quality are examples of the primary objectives or needs that must be catered to in the near future, i.e., fifth-generation (5G) and beyond. To fulfil these needs, cellular network design must be drastically improved. The 5G cellular network design, huge multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, and device-to-device communication are all highlighted in this comprehensive study. Hence, free-space optics (FSO) is a promising solution to address this field. However, FSO standalone is insufficient during turbulent weather conditions. FSO systems possess some limitations, such as being able to be disturbed by any interference between sender and receiver such as a flying bird and a tree, as it requires line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity. Moreover, it is sensitive to weather conditions; the FSO performance significantly decreases in bad weather conditions such as fog and snow; those factors deteriorate the performance of FSO. This paper conducts a systematic survey on the existing projects in the same area of research such as the hybrid FSO/Radio frequency (RF) communication system by listing each technique used for each model to achieve optimum performance in terms of data rate and Bit Error Rate (BER) to be implemented in 5G networks.

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Section: Sendermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kiran et al [ 168 ] propose a hybrid FSO/RF communication system to provide reliable communication, especially when the link between transceivers is misaligned. The model consists of two media for transmission.…”

Section: Fso Network With Relay Assistmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

Aboelala

Lee

Chung

2022

Entropy

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“…Kappala Vinod Kiran et al (2017) developed and tested a hybrid FSO/RF system for communication between two computers under various channel circumstances with hard switching. For the RF communication link, the ISM frequency band was chosen, which can provide motivating outcomes for existing and future transmission systems [32]. U.…”

Section: Sooraj Parkash Et Al (2016) Clearly Tested Densementioning

confidence: 99%

A Free Space Optic/Optical Wireless Communication: A Survey

Mahdi

Essa

2022

Journal of Robotics and Control

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The exponential demand for the next generation of services over free space optic and wireless optic communication is a necessity to approve new guidelines in this range. In this review article, we bring together an earlier study associated with these schemes to help us implement a multiple input/multiple output flexible platform for the next generation in an efficient manner. OWC/FSO is a complement clarification to radiofrequency technologies. Notably, they are providing various gains such as unrestricted authorizing, varied volume, essential safekeeping, and immunity to interference.

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“…To address these vulnerabilities, the past decade has witnessed growing interest in the integration of FSO link and RF link, forming hybrid FSO/RF heterogeneous networks. Such amalgamated systems aim to capitalize on the complementary strengths of both communication technologies, thereby enabling more efficient and reliable data transmission [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Modulation Scheme for Soft-Switching Hybrid FSO/RF Links Based on Machine Learning

Shao,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Photonics

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A hybrid free-space optical (FSO) and radio frequency (RF) communication system has been considered an effective way to obtain a good trade-off between spectrum utilization efficiency and high-rate transmission. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) to deal with the switching and rate adaption problems between FSO/RF links, this paper investigated their modulation adapting mechanism based on a machine learning (ML) algorithm. Hybrid link budgets were estimated for different modulation types in various environments, particularly severe weather conditions. For the adaptive modulation (AM) scheme with different order PPM/PSK/QAM, a rate-compatible soft-switching model for hybrid FSO/RF links was established with a random forest algorithm based on ML. With a given target bit error rate, the model categorized a link budget threshold of the hybrid FSO/RF system over a training data set from local weather records. The switching and modulation adaption accuracy were tested over the testing weather data set especially focusing on rain and fog. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive modulation scheme based on the random forest algorithm can have a good performance for soft-switching hybrid FSO/RF communication links.

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Development of a Hybrid FSO/RF System during Link Misalignment

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

A Survey of Hybrid Free Space Optics (FSO) Communication Networks to Achieve 5G Connectivity for Backhauling

A Free Space Optic/Optical Wireless Communication: A Survey

Adaptive Modulation Scheme for Soft-Switching Hybrid FSO/RF Links Based on Machine Learning

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