Development of a <i><scp>N</scp>asonia vitripennis</i> outbred laboratory population for genetic analysis

Zande, Louis van de; Ferber, Steven; Haan, Ammerins de; Beukeboom, Leo W.; Heerwaarden, Joost van; Pannebakker, Bart A.

doi:10.1111/1755-0998.12201

Cited by 35 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(140 reference statements)

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“…1). Comparable body size differences may also be obtained in other species or lines, such as N. giraulti or the outbred N. vitripennis HVRx line [van de Zande et al, 2014], as shown in online supplementary material S1 (see www.karger.com/doi/10.1159/000480421 for all online suppl. material).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Genotype does influence the brainbody size relationship to some extent in isogenic T. evanescens lines; however, all those lines exhibited similar (i.e., isometric) brain-body size relations [van der Woude et al, 2013]. A comparison of body length and head width between the AsymCx line and the outbred HVRx line [van de Zande et al, 2014] (outlined in online suppl. material S1) showed that AsymCx is not an "oddball" regarding its size range; equal variation is found in the N. vitripennis outbred line, as well as in a related species, N. giraulti.…”

Section: Groothuis/smidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations

Groothuis

Smid²

2017

Brain Behav Evol

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Haller's rule states that brains scale allometrically with body size in all animals, meaning that relative brain size increases with decreasing body size. This rule applies both on inter- and intraspecific comparisons. Only 1 species, the extremely small parasitic wasp Trichogramma evanescens, is known as an exception and shows an isometric brain-body size relation in an intraspecific comparison between differently sized individuals. Here, we investigated if such an isometric brain-body size relationship also occurs in an intraspecific comparison with a slightly larger parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, a species that may vary 10-fold in body weight upon differences in levels of scramble competition during larval development. We show that Nasonia exhibits diphasic brain-body size scaling: larger wasps scale allometrically, following Haller's rule, whereas the smallest wasps show isometric scaling. Brains of smaller wasps are, therefore, smaller than expected and we hypothesized that this may lead to adaptations in brain architecture. Volumetric analysis of neuropil composition revealed that wasps of different sizes differed in relative volume of multiple neuropils. The optic lobes and mushroom bodies in particular were smaller in the smallest wasps. Furthermore, smaller brains had a relatively smaller total neuropil volume and larger cellular rind than large brains. These changes in relative brain size and brain architecture suggest that the energetic constraints on brain tissue outweigh specific cognitive requirements in small Nasonia wasps.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Groothuis/smidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations

Groothuis

Smid²

2017

Brain Behav Evol

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“…We used a strain of N. vitripennis with relatively high genetic variance (HVRx) as described in Van de Zande et al. (), kept at a constant temperature of 25°C (70% RH, 16/8 L/D). At this temperature N. vitripennis has a generation time of two weeks.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection for associative learning of color stimuli reveals correlated evolution of this learning ability across multiple stimuli and rewards

et al. 2018

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We are only starting to understand how variation in cognitive ability can result from local adaptations to environmental conditions. A major question in this regard is to what extent selection on cognitive ability in a specific context affects that ability in general through correlated evolution. To address this question, we performed artificial selection on visual associative learning in female Nasonia vitripennis wasps. Using appetitive conditioning in which a visual stimulus was offered in association with a host reward, the ability to learn visual associations was enhanced within 10 generations of selection. To test for correlated evolution affecting this form of learning, the ability to readily form learned associations in females was also tested using an olfactory instead of a visual stimulus in the appetitive conditioning. Additionally, we assessed whether the improved associative learning ability was expressed across sexes by color‐conditioning males with a mating reward. Both females and males from the selected lines consistently demonstrated an increased associative learning ability compared to the control lines, independent of learning context or conditioned stimulus. No difference in relative volume of brain neuropils was detected between the selected and control lines.

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“…This line was created from wild caught wasps collected from Hoge Veluwe national park in the Netherlands and is maintained as a large outbred population (by mixing stock tubes containing pupae each generation). HVRx was derived from five lines collected in 2001 (van de Zande et al ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After seven days the hosts were removed from the tubes, mixed with the hosts from all other replicates of the same strain, and redistributed into six fresh tubes (to maintain an outbred population). The parasitized hosts were kept in an incubator at 25°C, and the next generation emerged after 2 weeks and were re‐hosted again 48 h later (see van de Zande et al for further details regarding the initiation of HVRx).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs and benefits of multiple mating in a mostly monandrous wasp

Boulton

Shuker

2015

Evolution

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The taxonomically widespread nature of polyandry remains a puzzle. Much of the empirical work regarding the costs and benefits of multiple mating to females has, for obvious reasons, relied on species that are already highly polyandrous. However, this makes it difficult to separate the processes that maintain the current level of polyandry from the processes that facilitate its expression and initiated its evolution. Here we consider the costs and benefits of polyandry in Nasonia vitripennis, a species of parasitoid wasp that is “mostly monandrous” in the wild, but which evolves polyandry under laboratory culture conditions. In a series of six experiments, we show that females gain a direct fecundity and longevity benefit from mating multiply with virgin males. Conversely, mating multiply with previously mated males actually results in a fecundity cost. Sexual harassment may also represent a significant cost of reproduction. Harassment was, however, only costly during oviposition, resulting in reduced fecundity, longevity, and disrupted sex allocation. Our results show that ecological changes, in our case associated with differences in the local mating structure in the laboratory can alter the costs and benefits of mating and harassment and potentially lead to shifts in mating patterns.

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Development of a Nasonia vitripennis outbred laboratory population for genetic analysis

Cited by 35 publications

References 80 publications

Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations

Nasonia Parasitic Wasps Escape from Haller's Rule by Diphasic, Partially Isometric Brain-Body Size Scaling and Selective Neuropil Adaptations

Selection for associative learning of color stimuli reveals correlated evolution of this learning ability across multiple stimuli and rewards

The costs and benefits of multiple mating in a mostly monandrous wasp

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