2015
DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00107
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Development of a Lean Process to the Lead-Free Primary Explosive DBX-1

Abstract: Copper(I) 5-nitrotetrazolate (DBX-1) has emerged in recent years as a primary explosive that could serve as a replacement for lead azide (LA), a widely used explosive that has fallen out of favor due to its toxicity and chemical compatibility issues. While there is a significant amount of interest in this material, the development of DBX-1 has been hampered by the tedious and poorly understood chemical process for its preparation. To consistently produce DBX-1, two explosive intermediates must be isolated, and… Show more

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Cited by 36 publications
(39 citation statements)
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“…At present, the most widely used primary explosives are combinations of lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS). Such system retains the good flame sensitivity of LS and the good initiation ability of LA . Unfortunately, these combinations still suffer from high electrostatic sensitivity originating from the LS component, and thus leading to many terrible explosion accidents by electrostatic discharge .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…At present, the most widely used primary explosives are combinations of lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS). Such system retains the good flame sensitivity of LS and the good initiation ability of LA . Unfortunately, these combinations still suffer from high electrostatic sensitivity originating from the LS component, and thus leading to many terrible explosion accidents by electrostatic discharge .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On a laboratory-scale, some improvements have been made over time including the addition of a copper(II) species such as CuSO 4¨5 H 2 O to suppress the microdetonation events by converting 5-diazotetrazole to the innocuous 5-hydroxytetrazole. Furthermore, employing an excess of sodium nitrite in the reaction mixture enhances the safety of the filtration step to isolate copper acid salt (34). Unfortunately, the microdetonation and dangerous filtration of copper acid salt (34) commonly resurface when NaNT is synthesized on a production-sized scale.…”
Section: 5-(dinitramino) Tetrazole Dipotassium Saltmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5% 5-aminotetrazole as an impurity. Furthermore, in synthesizing copper acid salt (34), it was discovered that use of HNO 3 in the modified Sandmeyer protocol led to the depositing of the explosive 5-aminotetrazole nitrate on the feeding lines.…”
Section: 5-(dinitramino) Tetrazole Dipotassium Saltmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…[4][5][6][7] The combination of lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS) represents one of the most widely used primary explosives. 8,9 Among them, LA has a strong detonating ability, but is vulnerable due to its poor ignition ability. Therefore, LA needs to be equipped with LS which exhibits a good ignition capacity and serves as the most commonly used ignition agent.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%