“…The dermal/transdermal permeation of 5-FU through highly lipophilic human stratum corneum is too low because of its hydrophilic characteristics. Therefore, many attempts namely microemulsions (Gupta et al, 2005;Elmeshad & Tadros, 2011), transferosomes (Alvi et al, 2011), ethosomes (Zhang et al, 2012), niosomes (Cosco et al, 2009;Alvi et al, 2011), liposomes (Alvi et al, 2011;Thomas et al, 2011), nanoparticles (Zhu et al, 2009;Chauhan et al, 2012), iontophoresis (Fang et al, 2004;Singh & Jayaswal, 2008), phonophoresis (Meidan et al, 1999), electroporation (Fang et al, 2004) and use of chemical enhancers (Singh et al, 2005;Khan et al, 2011) have been made to increase transdermal/topical delivery of 5-FU. In the recent literatures, oil based nanocarriers like nanoemulsions and microemulsions showed significant advantages over other unstable dispersion like emulsions and suspensions in terms of enhanced solubilization, enhanced permeation, enhanced bioavailability and thermodynamic stability for transdermal/ topical delivery of many lipophilic drugs both in vitro as well as in vivo (Spernath et al, 2007;Elmaghraby, 2008;Hwangl et al, 2009;Shakeel et al, 2009Shakeel et al, , 2012Shakeel & Ramadan, 2010;Raza et al, 2011).…”