Development of a Low-Cost Electronic Nose with an Open Sensor Chamber: Application to Detection of Ciboria batschiana

Abstract

In the construction of electronic nose devices, two groups of measurement setups could be distinguished when we take into account the design of electronic nose chambers. The simpler one consists of placing the sensors directly in the environment of the measured gas, which has an important advantage, in that the composition of the gas is not changed as the gas is not diluted. However, that has an important drawback in that it is difficult to clean sensors between measurement cycles. The second, more advanced construction, contains a pneumatic system transporting the gas inside a specially designed sensor chamber. A new design of an electronic nose gas sensor chamber is proposed, which consists of a sensor chamber with a sliding chamber shutter, equipped with a simple pneumatic system for cleaning the air. The proposal combines the advantages of both approaches to the sensor chamber designs. The sensors can be effectively cleared by the flow of clean air, while the measurements are performed in the open state when the sensors are directly exposed to the measured gas. Airflow simulations were performed to confirm the efficiency of clean air transport used for sensors’ cleaning. The demonstrated electronic nose applies eight Figaro Co. MOS TGS series sensors, in which a transient response caused by a change of the exposition to measured gas, and change of heater voltage, was collected. The new electronic nose was tested as applied to the differentiation between the samples of Ciboria batschiana fungi, which is one of the most harmful pathogens of stored acorns. The samples with various coverage, thus various concentrations of the studied odor, were measured. The tested device demonstrated low noise and a good level of repetition of the measurements, with stable results during several hours of repetitive measurements during an experiment lasting five consecutive days. The obtained data allowed complete differentiation between healthy and infected samples.

Analysis of Wheat Grain Infection by Fusarium Mycotoxin-Producing Fungi Using an Electronic Nose, GC-MS, and qPCR

“…In Figure 2 , one can see a photo of the electronic nose device used, together with two samples of measured grain in Petri dishes. Details of the electrical circuit [ 24 ] of the electronic nose and the construction of the sensor chamber and operation principle [ 25 , 31 ] were described in previous papers.…”

“…Our article is an attempt to improve the custom-made, low-cost device further. The electronic nose device used in the reported experiment was described in previous papers, where the construction of the electric circuit [ 24 ] and sensor chamber [ 25 ] were proposed. The current experiment’s main novelty focuses on verifying the various patterns of the sensor temperature modulation profiles and their optimization, allowing for a reduction in the measurement time.…”

Applicability of Smart Tools in Vegetable Disease Diagnostics

“…Some authors [235,236] have reported on the practical utilization of eNose for palm tree disease detection. Borowik et al [237] reported on the successful utilization of eNose for the detection of Phytophtora in Quercus acorn and later, with an improved chamber, Ciboria batschiana [238]. The same group [237] introduced a low-cost detection procedure for phytopathogenic fungi.…”

Investigation of Harmful Substances to Health Using Electronic Nose and Weight Elimination Algorithm With Correlative Gaussian Function

“…Electronic nose systems can be used in a wide range of applications such as agriculture [12][13][14][15][16][17], environmental monitoring [18][19][20], food [21][22][23][24][25][26], quality control [27][28][29][30][31], military [32][33][34], and medical applications [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] like pharmaceutical, biomedical, disease and illness early detection, cosmetics, and numerous scientific research domains.…”

“…The sensors' attributes must be specific for each volatile substance. The chemiresistive sensors are used in an integrated e-nose because of their straightforward electrical characteristics and interface circuitry [16][17].…”