Development of a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed bioreactor for enzymatic synthesis of 2-ethylhexyl oleate

Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis

“…Among the 126 articles that WOS provides based on the searches “lipase” + “ester synthesis” + “packed bed reactor” and “lipase” + “ester synthesis “ + “fluidized bed reactor”, the manual screening has allowed for the selection of the 22 shown in Table 6 [ 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 ], which describe ester-synthesis processes with applications in cosmetics, using the packed-bed reactor in 18 of them and the fluidized bed reactor in only 4 of them, the latter corresponding to the most recent publications.…”

“…Esters synthesized in tubular reactors are used as emollients [ 106 , 108 , 109 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 126 ], fragrances [ 110 , 116 , 119 , 123 ], surfactants [ 105 , 107 , 112 , 118 , 124 , 125 ], or active ingredients [ 111 ]. The biocatalysts used are the same as those employed in the tank reactors.…”

“…Noteworthy is the greater presence of in-lab immobilized lipases [ 110 , 114 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 125 , 126 ]. These data are important as they indicate that the authors are trying to introduce modifications to the traditional processes using the tank reactor, which is displayed not only in the attempt to avoid the use of commercial immobilized enzymes, but also in novel reactor configurations that include recirculation [ 107 , 114 , 119 , 120 , 124 , 126 ] or batch use with reuses [ 115 , 122 ]. A special configuration uses an additional column of molecular sieves to remove water from the reaction medium [ 110 , 114 ].…”

“…Undoubtedly, the most important factor to highlight in this group of papers is the high presence of studies that develop kinetic and mass transfer mathematical models, which are of great importance for scaling up [ 120 , 121 , 125 , 126 ]. In addition, there are also outstanding works in which the simulation of the industrial plant and an economic study are carried out based on data obtained on a pilot-plant scale [ 112 , 122 ].…”

Advancements in enzyme immobilization on magnetic nanomaterials: toward sustainable industrial applications

“…515 Although at an early stage of development, both studies emphasize the urgency of further research to ensure the improvement and effectiveness of bioreactors considering kinetic and engineering aspects, another emerging challenge is the aggregate use of AI and computer simulations. 509,516,517…”