Development of a mammalian fast muscle: dynamic and biochemical properties correlated

Drachman, Daniel B.; Johnston, Dean

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010332

Cited by 79 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…They are also consistent with the presumed role of these myosins in the adaptation of neonatal muscles to demanding physiological functions including breathing (66). MyHC-Perinatal displays a slightly higher ATPase profile than MyHC-Embryonic, which correlates well the increased enzymatic activity in the developing muscles of chickens and rats when MyHC-Perinatal replaces MyHC-Embryonic (32).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…The ATPase activities of the developmental and the MyHC-Extraocular isoforms are less clear due to their heterogeneous expression with other isoforms. Preliminary work suggests the developmental myosins have low ATPase activities (31,32), while MyHCExtraocular is thought to be a very fast myosin (22,29,33). All of this evidence points to the conclusion that myosin isoform expression patterns are a likely mechanism for the specialization of muscles to perform specific tasks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional diversity among a family of human skeletal muscle myosin motors

Resnicow

Deacon

Warrick

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

130

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Human skeletal muscle fibers express five highly conserved type-II myosin heavy chain (MyHC) genes in distinct spatial and temporal patterns. In addition, the human genome contains an intact sixth gene, MyHC-IIb, which is thought under most circumstances not to be expressed. The physiological and biochemical properties of individual muscle fibers correlate with the predominantly expressed MyHC isoform, but a functional analysis of homogenous skeletal muscle myosin isoforms has not been possible. This is due to the difficulties of separating the multiple isoforms usually coexpressed in muscle fibers, as well as the lack of an expression system that produces active recombinant type II skeletal muscle myosin. In this study we describe a mammalian muscle cell expression system and the functional analysis of all six recombinant human type II skeletal muscle myosin isoforms. The diverse biochemical activities and actin-filament velocities of these myosins indicate that they likely have distinct functions in muscle. Our data also show that ATPase activity and motility are generally correlated for human skeletal muscle myosins. The exception, MyHC-IIb, encodes a protein that is high in ATPase activity but slow in motility; this is the first functional analysis of the protein from this gene. In addition, the developmental isoforms, hypothesized to have low ATPase activity, were indistinguishable from adult-fast MyHC-IIa and the specialized MyHC-Extraocular isoform, that was predicted to be the fastest of all six isoforms but was functionally similar to the slower isoforms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional diversity among a family of human skeletal muscle myosin motors

Resnicow

Deacon

Warrick

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

107

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Significant increases in Pt values were already reported when comparing prepubertal to postpubertal children (1-4). The higher Pt values are classically considered to reflect different peripheral mechanisms which could accompany growth: (i) increase in muscle fibre diameter until growth is completed (18); (ii) increase in the number of sarcomeres with relation to muscle fibers size (19,20); (iii) changes in the activity of myosin ATPase, which highly contributes to contractile characteristics, and which is higher for an adult muscle than for a child muscle (21). Because peak torque related to calf circumference increases with age, it can be proposed that for humans, ATPase activity also increases with the age of the child.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in Twitch Properties of Plantar Flexor Muscles in Prepubertal Children

et al. 2005

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The twitch of the triceps surae muscle (TS), which characterizes the contractile properties independently of volition, differs in amplitude, but not in time course, when evoked in pre or postpubertal children. The aim of the present study was to compare the TS twitch contractile properties in prepubertal children (7 to 11 y). M-wave and twitch were recorded at rest by supramaximal electrical stimulations of the posterior tibial nerve. Twitches were characterized by peak torque (Pt), contraction time (CT), half relaxation time (HRT), and rate of torque development (dPt/dt). Electromechanical delay (EMD) was quantified with regard to the TS M-wave onset. Pt values increased significantly with the age of the prepubertal children but remained lower than that for adult subjects. CT and HRT values did not change with age. Thus, dPt/dt increased significantly between the 7-year-old and the 11-year-old children but remained significantly lower than that for adults. Despite EMD values decreased with age, they remained significantly higher than those of adult subjects. These results confirmed the link between growth processes and the increase in twitch torque for prepubertal children within a limited range of age. However, the time-course characteristics were not affected by age. The increase in dPt/dt and the decrease in the EMD could be used as indirect indicators of changes in contractile kinetics and in musculo-tendinous stiffness with the age of the prepubertal children. It is now well-established that during growth, muscles become stronger (1-4) and this increase in strength is associated with changes in body and muscle sizes (2,5,6).Electrical stimulation techniques, to evoke twitches, can be used to quantify contractile properties independently of volition and skill of the subject. This was performed to compare contractile properties of skeletal muscles between prepubertal and postpubertal children (1,2) or between children (prepubertal and postpubertal) and adult subjects (4,7). It has been shown that twitch force increased with age (1-4) and that this increase was related to the increase in muscle size (2). Furthermore, no significant difference in the time course of the twitch (contraction time and half relaxation time) was reported between prepubertal and postpubertal children (1-4), which suggests that the fiber-type composition of the muscles was already adult-like.In the present study, we analyze contractile properties during prepubertal growth (between 7 and 11 y), not only by the measure of the twitch peak torque and the time-course characteristics of the twitch but also by the quantification of the rate of torque development and of the electromechanical delay.In humans, the rate of torque development has been used to assess changes in muscle contractile kinetics with immobilization (8), electrostimulation training (9), or aging (10).The electromechanical delay (EMD) measured in vivo informs principally about the force transmission through more or less compliant elastic elements rather than about the mech...

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“…The maximum rate of isometric tension generation has, until recently, been taken to correlate with maximal shortening velocity (Close, 1972;Drachman & Johnston, 1973). Recently, however, it has been suggested that the two parameters may not necessarily change in parallel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contractile Properties and Fibre Composition of Rat Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Mild Hyperthyroidism

Nicol¹,

Maybee²

1982

Exp Physiol

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SUMMARYThe effect of a chronic mild elevation of plasma triiodothyronine levels upon the contractile properties and fibre distribution of skeletal muscle was studied. The isometric twitch characteristics and passive tension-length relationship were studied in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of anaesthetized rats injected for increasing periods with triiodothyronine. This treatment results in a progressive speeding in the rates of isometric contraction and relaxation of the soleus and in a concomitant decrease in the elasticity of the muscle. There was also a conversion of slow to fast fibre types in the soleus, demonstrated histochemically. It is concluded, in view of differences in the magnitudes and time courses of the various changes, that triiodothyronine increases the rates of contraction and relaxation of existing slow fibres and contraction in the soleus muscle as a whole before any change occurs which is attributable to slow-fast fibre interconversion. The possible mechanisms of the early thyroid hormone effects on muscle are discussed.

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Development of a mammalian fast muscle: dynamic and biochemical properties correlated

Cited by 79 publications

References 16 publications

Functional diversity among a family of human skeletal muscle myosin motors

Functional diversity among a family of human skeletal muscle myosin motors

Age-Related Changes in Twitch Properties of Plantar Flexor Muscles in Prepubertal Children

Contractile Properties and Fibre Composition of Rat Skeletal Muscle: Effect of Mild Hyperthyroidism

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