Development of a Mass and Energy Balance Model and Its Application for HBI Charged EAFs

Abstract

A static mass and energy balance model combined with a MgO saturation slag model is developed for electric arc furnaces. The model parameters including distribution ratios and dust factors are calibrated for a specific furnace using experimental data. Afterward, the model is applied to study the effect of charging different amounts of hot briquetted iron (HBI) on energy consumption, charged slag former amount, and slag composition. The following results were obtained per each 1% increase of HBI additions: (i) a 0.16 Nm3/t decrease in the amount of injected oxygen for metal oxidation, (ii) a 1.29 kWh/t increase in the electricity consumption, and (iii) a 34 kg increase in the amount of the slag.

Alloy Design Optimization of Stainless Steel's Performance and Environmental Impact Through Taguchi‐Based Grey Relational Analysis

“…The methodology of this tool was developed based on mass and heat balances, which were described in a previous publication. [ 14 ] The charge optimization for stainless steelmaking was made for 100 tons of charges of liquid stainless steel, with specified alloy content combinations, and then balanced by a Fe content. The system boundary of the GHG emissions of stainless steelmaking is shown in Figure 1 .…”

Driving investments in ore beneficiation and scrap upgrading to meet an increased demand from the direct reduction-EAF route

“…Standard raw material data in the system, used in the study, are given by Arzpeyma and Gyllenram (2021). The DR process model together with plant data is described by Gyllenram and Arzpeyma (2021) and the EAF model is described and validated by Arzpeyma et al (2020). Calculation of MgO saturation is based on the work of Selin (1987Selin ( , 1991 including a copyrighted digitalization algorithm.…”

“…In all EAF calculations, the desired values for the slag parameters, FeO*, CaO 20 , λ P and λ V , are set to 20%, 38%, 1 and 1, respectively and the oversaturation factor, λ MgO , is set to 1.1 (Arzpeyma et al 2020). The slag formers include burnt lime and dolomite.…”

An energy optimization study of the electric arc furnace from the steelmaking process with hot metal charging

“…Modeling and simulation approaches based on the first principle of mass and energy conservation are effective tools for analyzing the EAF system. A static mass and energy model of EAF combined with a MgO saturation slag model was reported by Arzeypema et al [9] . The model is suitable for selecting raw materials, predicting energy consumption, and calculating element content in melt and slag properties.…”