Development of a mathematical model for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: Comparison of experimental measurements with model predictions

Heidari, Mohammad; Salaudeen, Shakirudeen A.; Arku, Precious; Acharya, Bishnu; Tasnim, Syeda Humaira

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.119020

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This constitutes the accuracy of the model predictions and is an essential metric to ensure that the process is properly represented. The impact of having reliable models makes it more feasible to understand the energy requirements and economic viability of transitioning the process to a large scale, but due to the complex reaction pathways, variability in feedstock, and change in properties with temperature during HTC, there remains much room for developments in this area [12]. Especially when considering the topics of thermodynamics, such as heat and mass transfer, or the fluid flow taking place during the process, the number of developed computational models is very minimal [8].…”

Section: Computational Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the method is relatively simple, there are many scientific papers available detailing lab scale batch reactor experiments with different temperatures, residence times, or types of feedstock. An area of research that is lacking for HTC is work on modeling and simulations, which are essential to scale up the process to continuous system designs and larger plant operations [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

2022

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Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) continues to gain recognition over other valorization techniques for organic and biomass residue in recent research. The hydrochar product of HTC can be effectively produced from various sustainable resources and has been shown to have impressive potential for a wide range of applications. As industries work to adapt the implementation of HTC over large processes, the need for reliable models that can be referred to for predictions and optimization studies are becoming imperative. Although much of the available research relating to HTC has worked on the modeling area, a large gap remains in developing advanced computational models that can better describe the complex mechanisms, heat transfer, and fluid dynamics that take place in the reactor of the process. This review aims to highlight the importance of expanding the research relating to computational modeling for HTC conversion of biomass. It identifies six research areas that are recommended to be further examined for contributing to necessary advancements that need to be made for large-scale and continuous HTC operations. The six areas that are identified for further investigation are variable feedstock compositions, heat of exothermic reactions, type of reactor and scale-up, consideration of pre-pressurization, consideration of the heat-up period, and porosity of feedstock. Addressing these areas in future HTC modeling efforts will greatly help with commercialization of this promising technology.

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Section: Computational Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

2022

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“…Given the lack of porosity, the powdered PDS has low surface area making its hydrochar inappropriate for gas uptake studies [25][26][27][28]. Hence, post-carbonization steps were developed to augment the porosity.…”

Section: Activation Of the Pds Hydrocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbon from Palm Date Seeds for CO2 Capture

Alazmi

Nicolae

Modugno

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The process of carbon dioxide capture and storage is seen as a critical strategy to mitigate the so-called greenhouse effect and the planetary climate changes associated with it. In this study, we investigated the CO2 adsorption capacity of various microporous carbon materials originating from palm date seeds (PDS) using green chemistry synthesis. The PDS was used as a precursor for the hydrochar and activated carbon (AC). Typically, by using the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process, we obtained a powder that was then subjected to an activation step using KOH, H3PO4 or CO2, thereby producing the activated HTC-PDS samples. Beyond their morphological and textural characteristics, we investigated the chemical composition and lattice ordering. Most PDS-derived powders have a high surface area (>1000 m2 g−1) and large micropore volume (>0.5 cm3 g−1). However, the defining characteristic for the maximal CO2 uptake (5.44 mmol g−1, by one of the alkaline activated samples) was the lattice restructuring that occurred. This work highlights the need to conduct structural and elemental analysis of carbon powders used as gas adsorbents and activated with chemicals that can produce graphite intercalation compounds.

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“…Available literature, concerning the above process, is mainly focused on physicochemical characterization and thermal analysis of obtained hydrochar [6][7][8][9][10], reaction kinetics modeling based on Arrhenius's law [11][12][13][14], and slightly less for heat transfer and fluid-dynamics modeling [15][16][17][18][19]. Indeed, Benevente et al [6] used HTC technology to Energies 2022, 15, 818 2 of 18 obtain useful bioenergy feedstock from three by-products, including olive mill, canned artichoke and orange wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recently (2021), Ischia and Fiori [18] published a review paper which examine and analyze some predicting tools such as kinetics, statistical, heat transfer and computational models, highlighting their potentialities and limits. A mathematical model for HTC has been developed by Heidari et al [19], in 2021, and comparison with experimental results was performed in the case of pine wood particles. In this study, heat transfer rate, reaction kinetics, and the porous structure of the biomass have been estimated by using COMSOL Multiphysics software.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer inside a Batch Reactor for Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of a Biomass

et al. 2022

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This work analyzes the heat transfer and fluid flow within a batch reactor for hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of raw olive pomace (ROP). The autoclave is partially filled with a mixture of ROP and distilled water and hence it is considered as a dispersed medium. The reactor is heated through its lateral surface, whereas the bottom wall and the upper surface of the mixture are thermally insulated. Under the effect of heat and pressure, the fluid moves inside the reactor, while particles are subject to other forces. Additionally, the biomass (ROP) is decomposed into very fine particles to produce a solid product (hydrochar). COMSOL Multiphysics software is used for the analysis of heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Chemical kinetics of the reactions are modeled by a basic kinetics model. Numerical results are validated using experimental data carried out in similar operating conditions. They are in good agreement since the deviation between them does not exceed 6%. Isotherms, velocity fields, and isobars are evaluated within the reactor as well as velocity and distribution of particles. These amounts are influenced by the imposed heat flux at the lateral wall (q0). Also, it has been shown that the temperature and pressure values reached are above those required by the HTC process and, consequently, a HTC reactor could be designed with optimal operating conditions.

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Development of a mathematical model for hydrothermal carbonization of biomass: Comparison of experimental measurements with model predictions

Cited by 28 publications

References 36 publications

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

Computational Modeling Approaches of Hydrothermal Carbonization: A Critical Review

Activated Carbon from Palm Date Seeds for CO2 Capture

Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer inside a Batch Reactor for Hydrothermal Carbonization Process of a Biomass

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