Development of a method for quantifying relative importance of NPP cyber attack probability variables based on factor analysis and AHP

Kim, Yong Sik; Choi, Moon Kyoung; Han, Sang Min; Lee, Chanyoung; Seong, Poong Hyun

doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2020.107790

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…FA is a multivariate statistical analysis technique based on the extension of PCA, which starts from the analysis of the correlation between the variables and groups the intricate variables based on the magnitude of the correlation so that the correlation between the variables within a group is higher than the correlation between the variables between the groups. Ultimately, according to the grouping, the variables are organized into a few unmeasured, independent, and representative common factors and some ignorable particular factors (Kim et al, 2020). The core of FA is to reflect most of the information of the original variables with a few common factors.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and application of a composite model for acid mine drainage quality evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process, factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: Guizhou Province, China, as a case

Han,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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The process of mining activities often causes the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). Through rock fractures and underground rivers, AMD can easily enter the groundwater environment near mines and cause serious pollution to water quality. In order to effectively evaluate the quality of polluted mine water and to understand its threat to the ecosystem around the mine. In this study, four AMD pollution distribution areas, Guiyang City, Bijie City, Qianxinan Prefecture, and Qiandongnan Prefecture in Guizhou Province, were used as the study area. A composite model for mine water quality evaluation was constructed using factor analysis (FA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE). Furthermore, by introducing the weighted average method and the level characteristic value (J), the water quality type and the water body environmental quality were evaluated comprehensively, respectively. Compared with the traditional evaluation model, the AHP‐FA‐FCE model has obvious advantages in the selection of evaluation indicators, the determination of indicator weights, and the comprehensive evaluation of water quality types, and the evaluation results obtained are more reasonable and accurate. Three common factors mainly controlled by mineral oxidation factor, human activity factor, and mineral dissolution factor were extracted by dimension reduction of the original hydrochemical data by FA. The water quality of the mine water samples was evaluated using SO42−, Fe, Al, Mn, Na, and F− as evaluation indicators, and the results showed that the mine water samples in the study area as a whole were dominated by class V water, which accounted for 77.78% of the total. Based on the statistical analysis of the original data, it was found that influenced by the water–rock interactions in the study area and the AMD pollution components, the hydrochemical type of the mine water is mainly SO42−‐Ca‐Mg type. The water body environmental quality of mine water in four areas, Guiyang City, Qianxinan Prefecture, Bijie City, and Qiandongnan Prefecture, is from excellent to poor. The average level characteristic value of all the areas is more than 3, and the overall environmental quality of the water body is poor. The strong water–rock interaction and mining activities in the study area may be the main cause of AMD pollution. The results of this study may provide some theoretical reference for the water quality evaluation of AMD‐polluted areas.Practitioner Points A composite model for mine water quality evaluation was constructed. A factor analysis‐based evaluation indicator selection method is proposed. This study improved the weighting process of the traditional fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. A water quality discriminant based on the weighted average method is proposed. The water environmental quality of various types of mine water was evaluated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction and application of a composite model for acid mine drainage quality evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process, factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: Guizhou Province, China, as a case

Han,

Li,

Yang

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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show abstract

“…In most cases, it is difficult to measure or prioritize decision-making criteria because they are subjective and not measurable. One of the advantages of AHP is that this method can systematically convert abstract and non-measurable criteria into numerical values [41]. In addition, one of the most important benefits provided by the AHP method is that this method can measure the consistency degree of binary comparisons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitation of the Factors Affecting Electricity Distribution Efficiency Using the Fuzzy AHP Method

Yiğit

Demir²,

Alidrisi

et al. 2020

Mathematics

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Efficient and uninterrupted energy supply plays a crucial role in the quality of modern daily life, while it is obvious that the efficiency and performance of energy supply companies has a significant impact on energy supply itself and on determining and finetuning the future roadmap of the sector. In this study, the performance and efficiency of energy supply companies with respect to productivity is investigated with reference to a case study of an electricity distribution company in Turkey. The factors affecting the company’s performance and their corresponding weight have been determined and obtained using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and the Fuzzy AHP methods, two well-known multi-criteria decision-making methods, which are widely used in the literature. The results help demonstrate that the criteria obtained to evaluate the company’s energy supply performance play a crucial role in developing strategies, policies and action plans to achieve continuous improvement and consistent development.

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“…Expert practitioners were asked to do the pairwise comparisons. Kim et al [48] used AHP to examine cyber-attack taxonomy in Nuclear Power Plants. The primary criteria were divided into attacker related variables with sub-criteria like attack skill and intensity, and target related variables that included the sub-criteria of physical access, logical access, and attack surface.…”

Section: A Using Ahp To Assess Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IoT Security [35] Identity Resolution Security Trust, user experience [36] IoT Device Security Known vulnerabilities, sensor capabilities, operational context [37] Fog-IoT Security Authentication, access control, intrusion detection, trust, integrity [38] Level of Trust in Fog Quality of service, quality of security [39] Internet of Health Security Confidentiality, authentication, access control, and integrity [41] IoT in the Enterprise Tangible factors, intangible factors [42] IoT Security Perceptual, transport, application, and cloud security Web Application Security [43] Website Usability-Security Confidentiality, integrity, accountability, authentication, durability, usability [44] Sustainable Security Confidentiality, integrity, availability, per-durability [45] Website Security Accidental threat, malicious threat, physical attach, malicious code, or virus Application Security [46] Software Security Integrity, access control, confidentiality, and authentication [47] Usability Security Confidentiality, integrity, accountability, authentication, durability, usability [48] Nuclear Plant Security Attacker's skill, physical access, logical access, and attack surface [49] HRIS Security Confidentiality, integrity, non-repudiation, privacy, and availability [50] E-Commerce Security Technical, environmental, managerial [51] E-Banking Security Management, technology, economy, and culture…”

Section: A Using Ahp To Assess Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ranking Security of IoT-Based Smart Home Consumer Devices

AlLifah

Zualkernan

2022

IEEE Access

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Smart home consumer devices like home theatres, music players, voice-based assistants, smart lighting, and security cameras have widely adopted the Internet of Things (IoT). These devices pose a significant security risk to consumers because the devices are exposed to mobile applications and cloud-based services with known security vulnerabilities. IoT technologies also introduce additional vulnerabilities specific to smart home architectures. Most current home consumer devices provide little or no information about the level of security they afford. Since most consumers are not tech-savvy, it is currently difficult for a consumer to make an informed decision about which consumer device model (e.g., which smart television model?) has the best security. Hence, consumers need an objective security ranking of each type (e.g., security cameras) of home consumer devices. This paper proposes a novel methodology to systematically build such security rankings for home consumer devices. The proposed methodology can be applied by utilizing data from any security assessment study. The paper discusses previous efforts in applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to rank security risks in general. The paper also presents a systematic survey of security vulnerabilities of smart home consumer devices when viewed from an IoT lens. Using the proposed methodology, a case study where an AHP model for ranking commonly used home consumer devices including home theatres, security cameras, smart lighting, smart speakers, video surveillance, smart switches, home automation systems, home security systems, smart routers, wireless doorbell cameras, and home audio systems, was developed. Relative security rankings for each type of consumer device were derived from the AHP model. According to the AHP model, network security was the primary driver of smart home device security with a priority of 0.6893 while application security had the least priority of 0.0591. Critical Vulnerabilities were the most important for device security (priority=0.4397), Man-in-The-Middle attacks for network security (priority=0.2019), exploitable services for cloud security (priority=0.26), and sensitive data for application security (0.7626). The AHP model was internally consistent (Consistency Ratio < 0.1). Sensitivity analysis showed that the AHP model was robust against pairing assumptions.INDEX TERMS AHP, consumer applications, cloud computing, home consumer devices, Internet of Things, network security, smart home.

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Development of a method for quantifying relative importance of NPP cyber attack probability variables based on factor analysis and AHP

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

Construction and application of a composite model for acid mine drainage quality evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process, factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: Guizhou Province, China, as a case

Construction and application of a composite model for acid mine drainage quality evaluation based on analytic hierarchy process, factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation: Guizhou Province, China, as a case

Elicitation of the Factors Affecting Electricity Distribution Efficiency Using the Fuzzy AHP Method

Ranking Security of IoT-Based Smart Home Consumer Devices

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