Development of a microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay for quantitation of human lysozyme in pleural effusion and plasma

Caballero, Magaly; Ruíz, Roberto José; Prado, M Márquez de; Seco, M; Borque, L.; Escanero, Jesús F.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2825(1999)13:6<301::aid-jcla9>3.0.co;2-3

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Latex particles have been also utilized extensively in research and diagnostics for the quantification of numerous biomolecules in different biological fluids [3,4]. They possess a number of benefits, including ease of production, homogenous procedure and relatively high analytical sensitivity [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Forcada¹,

Hidalgo‐Álvarez

2005

COC

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Functionalized polymer colloids were synthesized by emulsion polymerization having specific ionic groups on surface. In this review, a comprehensive study on the synthesis of functionalized polymer colloids is carried out. Monodisperse polymer colloids with acetal, aldehyde, chloromethyl, and amino functionalities were synthesized by a multi-step emulsion polymerization process. In the first step, the seeds were synthesized by batch emulsion polymerization of styrene; and in the following steps, onto the previously formed polystyrene latex particles, the functional monomers were co-and/or ter-polymerized. Some of the synthesized latexes were chosen as the polymeric support to carry out the covalent coupling with a protein and to test the utility of the latex-protein complexes formed in immunoassays. In addition, the colloidal stability of polymer colloids is theoretically and experimentally analyzed. This study shows that classical DLVO (Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek) theory can explain the stability of weakly charged polymer colloids. This is not sufficient in the case of highly charged polymer colloids using hydrophilic monomers. In such a system, the steric repulsion is not negligible and an electrosteric repulsion mechanism must be considered. Our interest has centered on studying this effect from a quantitative point of view. Although the method used contains five variables, it is possible to considerably reduce this number if some of them are calculated by alternative methods (ψd, δ) or taken from literature (A, χ).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Forcada¹,

Hidalgo‐Álvarez

2005

COC

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“…Furthermore, another method based on the principles of the turbidimetric assay was devised by Caballero et al (1999). They described a micro-particle enhanced nephelometric immunoassay using serum and urine samples from patients.…”

Section: Activity In Media Measurements (Turbidimetric)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The assay detection limit was 0.58 mg/L. However, this assay involves long incubation periods, requires biological fluid pre-treatment and has poor detection limit (Caballero et al, 1999).…”

Section: Activity In Media Measurements (Turbidimetric)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery, Modification and Production of T4 Lysozyme for Industrial and Medical Uses

Alhazmi¹,

Stevenson²,

Amartey³

et al. 2014

IJB

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Lysozyme has attracted immense attention as an antimicrobial agent because of its ability to lyse the bacterial cell wall. It is found in a wide variety of body fluids and in cells of the innate immune system. Lysozyme can act as muramidase or as a Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP). Lysozyme has many applications in the medical and industrial fields. Based on enzyme nomenclature, lysozyme is classified as a glycosylase under the group hydrolases. This manuscript covers a fundamental review of lysozyme in terms of discovery, history, functions and various sources and types of lysozyme. The biological and molecular structure is discussed as well as notable bioengineering and protein modifications. Furthermore, the mechanisms of resistance to lysozyme in microorganisms have also been discussed. Lastly, different methods that have been developed for detecting and measuring the activity of lysozyme are outlined. Although, a recombinant lysozyme has not yet been produced, several studies have attempted to generate a modified lysozyme either for large-scale production or that which is more suitable for industrialization purposes.

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“…Latex particles have been used11, 12 extensively in research and diagnostics for the quantification of numerous biomolecules in different biological fluids. They possess a number of benefits including ease of production, a homogeneous procedure, and relatively high analytical sensitivity 13.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino‐functionalized latex particles obtained by a multistep method: Development of a new immunoreagent

Ramos

Martín-Molina

Sanz-Izquierdo

et al. 2003

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Cationic latex particles with surface amino groups were prepared by a multistep batch emulsion polymerization. In the first one, two or three steps, monodisperse cationic latex particles to be used as the seed were synthesized. In the third and fourth steps, the amino-functionalized monomer aminoethylmethacrylate hydrochloride was used to synthesize the final functionalized latex particles. Three different azo initiators 2,2Ј-azobisisobutyramidine dihydrochloride, 2,2Ј-azobisdimethylenisobutyramidine dihydrochloride, and 2,2Ј-azobisisobutyronitrile were used as initiators. Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was the emulsifier. To characterize the final latices, conversions were obtained gravimetrically, and particle size distributions and average particle diameters were determined by transmission electron microscopy and photon correlation spectroscopy. The amount of amino groups was determined by conductimetric titrations. Colloidal aspects were ascertained by measuring the electrophoretic mobilities. Activation of these particles with glutaraldehyde produced an efficient reagent for latex-enhanced immunoassay. The covalent coupling efficiency (protein covalently bound with respect to the total amount of protein adsorbed) was compressed between 50 and 80%. The developed immunoreagent was applied to the measurement of serum ferritin concentration in a new turbidimetric procedure that was compared with a commercial nephelometric method; the results obtained with both methods demonstrated that the two procedures correlated well (r ϭ 0.992).

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Development of a microparticle-enhanced nephelometric immunoassay for quantitation of human lysozyme in pleural effusion and plasma

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Functionalized Polymer Colloids: Synthesis and Colloidal Stability

Discovery, Modification and Production of T4 Lysozyme for Industrial and Medical Uses

Amino‐functionalized latex particles obtained by a multistep method: Development of a new immunoreagent

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