Development of a microwave-assisted-extraction-based method for the determination of aflatoxins B1, G1, B2, and G2 in grains and grain products

Abstract

This article describes the use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) as a pretreatment technique for the determination of aflatoxins B(1), G(1), B(2), and G(2) in grains and grain products. The optimal operation parameters, including extraction solvent, temperature, and time, were identified to be acetonitrile as the extraction solvent at 80 °C with 15 min of MAE. The extracts were cleaned up using solid-phase extraction followed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid and were determined by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection. A Sep-Pak cartridge was chosen over Oasis HLB and Bond Elut cartridges. By the use of aflatoxin M(1) as an internal standard, relative recoveries of the aflatoxins ranged from 90.7 to 105.7 % for corn and from 88.1 to 103.4 % for wheat, with relative standard deviations between 2.5 and 8.7 %. A total of 36 samples from local markets were analyzed, and aflatoxin B(1) was found to be the predominant toxin, with concentrations ranging from 0.42 to 3.41 μg/kg.

Analysis of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines: Classification of analytical method on the basis of matrix variations

“…Due to the complexity of TCMs, the matrix effect has become a main factor that has affected the accuracy of detecting AFs in TCMs 9 23 . Thus, the methods used for sample pre-treatment are very important for the accurate detection of AFs in TCMs.…”

Current methods for mycotoxins analysis and innovative strategies for their reduction in cereals: an overview

“…A MAE technique for OTA extraction in bread was reported, with optimized extraction conditions based on an orthogonal composite design coupled with response surface methodology . An innovative method for the extraction of aflatoxins from grains and grain products, based on the combination of MAE and solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques, was also performed …”

Microwave-Assisted Extraction

“…[123]. 129 By using aflatoxin M 1 as internal standard, the relative recoveries of the aflatoxins ranged from 91% to 106% for corn and 88% to 103% for wheat. Coupling of MAE with the cloud-point extraction was mentioned for licorice root and coupling of MAE with solid-phase microwave extraction was mentioned for the extraction of volatile compounds from plant materials.…”