Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for intestinal spirochaetes within the genus Brachyspira

Råsbäck, Thérése; Johansson, Karl‐Erik; Jansson, Désirée S.; Fellström, Claes; Alikhani, Mohammad Yousef; La, Tom; Dunn, David S.; Hampson, David J.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.2007/008540-0

Cited by 64 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…15,18 Of the 7 MLST loci, only 4 could be amplified, and none of the amplified loci matched exactly with any of the alleles that are available in PUBMLST (www.pubmlst. org/brachyspira).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel strongly hemolytic Brachyspira species, provisionally designated “Brachyspira hampsonii”

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Since 2007, outbreaks of severe bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis have been reported in the United States and Canada. Though the primary causative agent of swine dysentery is Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which is strongly hemolytic, the current report describes the isolation of a novel strongly hemolytic Brachyspira sp. This novel Brachyspira sp. was identified from clinical submissions at the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, and 40 of such isolates were obtained from 22 clinical submissions representing 5 states. Isolates were confirmed to be different from any known Brachyspira sp. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of nox and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analyses grouped all isolates into 2 clades (clades I and II), and grouping patterns were similar for both nox and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Phenotypically, all isolates were indole and hippurate negative, and enzymatic profiling indicated 2 types of profiles, irrespective of the phylogenetic grouping, differing only in the production of β-glucosidase. The results suggest that a potentially virulent new species of Brachyspira sp., provisionally named "Brachyspira hampsonii ", is circulating among swine herds in the United States.

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“…15,18 Of the 7 MLST loci, only 4 could be amplified, and none of the amplified loci matched exactly with any of the alleles that are available in PUBMLST (www.pubmlst. org/brachyspira).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,18 After PCR, purified PCR products were sequenced in both directions using the same universal primers as used for the PCR. Sequences were analyzed and assembled using a sequence analysis program.…”

Section: Multilocus Sequencing Typingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel strongly hemolytic Brachyspira species, provisionally designated “Brachyspira hampsonii”

et al. 2012

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“…The PCR primers for four of these genes, viz. esterase (est), glycerol kinase (glpK), phosphoglucomutase (pgm), and acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) acetyltransferase (thi) genes, were the same as those used previously for B. hyodysenteriae (5,20,21) and are listed in Table 2. New primers for the alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes are described in this study and are listed in Table 2.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The six housekeeping genes targeted for use as loci for MLST were the same as those used previously for other Brachyspira species (20). The PCR primers for four of these genes, viz.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a high-resolution method that uses nucleotide sequence differences between conserved housekeeping genes to characterize and differentiate genotypes of a pathogen (19). This technique has been used for local and global molecular epidemiological studies of various Brachyspira species (20), including B. hyodysenteriae (5,21,22), Brachyspira pilosicoli (23), Brachyspira intermedia (24), Brachyspira murdochii, and Brachyspira innocens (25), thus warranting its application for the characterization of B. hampsonii.…”

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Molecular Epidemiology of Novel Pathogen “Brachyspira hampsonii” Reveals Relationships between Diverse Genetic Groups, Regions, Host Species, and Other Pathogenic and Commensal Brachyspira Species

et al. 2015

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Outbreaks of bloody diarrhea in swine herds in the late 2000s signaled the reemergence of an economically significant disease, swine dysentery, in the United States. Investigations confirmed the emergence of a novel spirochete in swine, provisionally designated "Brachyspira hampsonii," with two genetically distinct clades. Although it has since been detected in swine and migratory birds in Europe and North America, little is known about its genetic diversity or its relationships with other Brachyspira species. This study characterizes B. hampsonii using a newly developed multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach and elucidates the diversity, distribution, population structure, and genetic relationships of this pathogen from diverse epidemiological sources globally. Genetic characterization of 81 B. hampsonii isolates, originating from six countries, with our newly established MLST scheme identified a total of 20 sequence types (STs) belonging to three clonal complexes (CCs). B. hampsonii showed a heterogeneous population structure with evidence of microevolution locally in swine production systems, while its clustering patterns showed associations with its epidemiological origins (country, swine production system, and host species). The close genetic relatedness of B. hampsonii isolates from different countries and host species highlights the importance of strict biosecurity control measures. A comparative analysis of 430 isolates representing seven Brachyspira species (pathogens and commensals) from 19 countries and 10 host species depicted clustering by microbial species. It revealed the close genetic relatedness of B. hampsonii with commensal Brachyspira species and also provided support for the two clades of B. hampsonii to be considered a single species. Outbreaks of bloody mucoid diarrhea were reported in North American swine herds in the late 2000s. This diarrheal condition was accompanied by inappetance, weight loss/reduced weight gain, and reduced feed conversion efficiency, all suggesting the reemergence of swine dysentery (1). Swine dysentery is a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease that until recently was known to be caused by an anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, which predominantly affects the cecum and colon of grower-finisher pigs. The disease has caused major economic losses to swineproducing countries globally due to production losses (associated with morbidity and mortality) and the cost of treatment and control of the disease (2). In 2007, a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease similar to swine dysentery and caused by a novel pathogen "Brachyspira suanatina" was reported in swine and mallards in Sweden and Denmark (3). Since then, B. suanatina has not been identified in other countries (4), and consequently B. hyodysenteriae has continued to be the main pathogen of interest to swine producers and diagnostic laboratories across the world for finisher pigs with clinical signs of mucohemorrhagic diarrhea.Although widely prevalent until the late 1980s, swine dysentery has been rarely re...

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B rachyspira

Looft¹,

Stanton²

2018

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bra.chy.spi'ra. (Gr. adj. brachys , short; Gr. n. spira , a coil, helix; N.L. fem. n. Brachyspira , describing a bacterium that resembles a short helix). Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Brachyspiraceae / Brachyspira The genus Brachyspira consists of obligately anaerobic, aerotolerant spirochetes, which inhabit the intestinal tracts of birds and mammals, including humans. They have been found globally in free‐living birds. The type species of the genus is Brachyspira aalborgi . There are numerous yet‐to‐be characterized brachyspire species. Brachyspires have fastidious growth requirements requiring chemically complex culture media supplemented with blood or serum. The best studied species, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, requires cholesterol and phospholipid for growth. The brachyspires are chemoorganotrophic, using various simple carbohydrates for growth. Metabolic products are acetate, butyrate, H 2 , and CO 2 . Brachyspira spp. use NADH oxidase as defense against oxygen exposure. Species are differentiated by 16S rRNA gene sequences and genome DNA homology comparisons (chemical and digital). Genome sequences of the type strains of every species except B. aalborgi are publicly available. There are nine Brachyspira species, of which eight are considered enteropathogenic for their host animal. Diseases associated with the brachyspires include swine dysentery, spirochetal colitis, and intestinal spirochetosis. Dysenteric species ( Brachyspira hyodysenteriae , Brachyspira suanatina , and Brachyspira hampsonii ) form strongly hemolytic (i.e., beta hemolytic) colonies on trypticase soy blood agar. Other species are “weakly” hemolytic. B. hyodysenteriae cells exchange chromosomal genes via VSH‐1, a novel GTA (gene transfer agent). MLST (multiple locus sequence typing) analyses have been applied to investigate B. hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira pilosicoli epidemiology and to interpret species evolution. A database of STs (MLST sequence types) for B. hyodysenteriae strains has been established. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 24.6–27.5 ( T m ; genome sequence). Type species : Brachyspira aalborgi Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1983, 896 VP (Effective publication: Hovind‐Hougen, Birch‐Andersen, Henrik‐Nielsen, Orholm, Pedersen, Teglbjaerg and Thaysen 1982, 1135).

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Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for intestinal spirochaetes within the genus Brachyspira

Cited by 64 publications

References 51 publications

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel strongly hemolytic Brachyspira species, provisionally designated “Brachyspira hampsonii”

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a novel strongly hemolytic Brachyspira species, provisionally designated “Brachyspira hampsonii”

Molecular Epidemiology of Novel Pathogen “Brachyspira hampsonii” Reveals Relationships between Diverse Genetic Groups, Regions, Host Species, and Other Pathogenic and Commensal Brachyspira Species

B rachyspira

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